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• W3146977002 abstract "The General Theme of this Article is Market Economy and Social justice. We will take as a starting point concept of justice. The dominance today of market solutions makes it urgent to study normative aspects of their functioning.(1) Yet it is equally important to analyze other part of relation, namely, concept of market itself There are differences in functioning of discrete markets. In particular, labor market has specific characteristics as compared with markets for goods, services, and capital. Moreover, labor market is socially and politically most important of markets; labor-market processes are fundamental to explaining power and welfare in society. A discussion of social that neglects these characteristics and this important dimension will, as Bo Rothstein notes,(2) remain incomplete. Justice Today very few people would say that they are against justice. Being against is, after de Tocqueville, a premodern, almost aristocratic posture. In modem times, the fundamental principle of injustice - everyone is born into a position in society and should stay there - is sacrificed for an injustice re-created within frames of justice (Ehnmark, 1992: 8).(3) In many discussions in political theory, including current Swedish debate, John Rawls' book, A Theory of (1972), is a key source of reference. Rawls' starting point is an ideal situation where an individual, in a hypothetical situation, does not know which position she or he will be allotted in society. That person must reason as though she or he could be any member in society, rich or poor, top manager or unemployed, healthy or ill, woman or man. This approach further develops idea of a social contract found in die works of Thomas Hobbes, Jean Jacques Rousseau, and Immanuel Kant. In contrast to most earlier theoreticians, Kant regarded social contract not as a historical fact, but as a hypothetical construction to facilitate creating clarity in relations between individual and state. Rawls works in Kantian tradition, but does not confine himself to problem of legitimacy of state power. Rawls has a wider aim in trying to determine principles of organizing society as a whole: political and economic institutions, human rights and obligations, economic distribution, etc. (see Hansson's excellent introductions [1993, 1989]). Injustice as a Means to General Welfare According to Rawls, people in this hypothetical situation will accept following two principles. The first principle means in practice that a just society should resemble today's Western political system, with human rights and a democratic constitution. The second, and most important, principle for our context is that social and economic injustices should be arranged so as to provide greatest possible advantage to worst off, with social positions open and equally accessible to all. For example, following second principle, very high salaries for corporate managers may not be justified solely in terms of economic efficiency and growth. According to Rawls, justifying such inequalities also demands that society's distributional mechanisms guarantee that worst off enjoy a better life than if managers were to receive lower salaries. The choice of economic system should, according to Rawls, be determined from what is best in practice for general welfare. Rawls' principle is appealing from a moral point of view, but suffers from a considerable disadvantage, i.e., it is difficult to apply, since it is difficult to calculate empirically which level of inequality would be die best for less well off. As a practical solution, Hansson (1993) suggests that burden of proof lies with those who favor a politics of inequality as best serving less wen off over a policy that is directly intended to be to their advantage. …" @default.
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• W3146977002 date "1994-12-22" @default.
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• W3146977002 title "Justice at Work: Solidaristic Work Policy as a Renewal of the Swedish Labor Market Model?" @default.
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