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- W3147052458 abstract "Geothermal energy is an environmentally friendly and sustainable energy resource, and geothermal energy resources are located over a wide range of depths, from the shallow ground to geothermal hot water and hot rock found several kilometers beneath the Earth’s surface, and down even deeper to the extremely high temperatures of molten rock called magma. There are three common kinds of geothermal areas: (1) hot water, (2) wet steam, and (3) dry steam. Hot water areas contain reservoirs of geothermal water with temperatures between 60°C–100°C and are the most practical applications for space heating and agricultural systems. For hot water areas to be commercially practical, these resources must include a large amount of geothermal water with a temperature of at least 60°C, and they must lie within 2000 m of the Earth’s surface. Finally, wet steam areas contain water under pressure and are at 100°C. These are the most common commercially exploitable areas. Geothermal energy resources for fish farming, swimming pool, thermal bath, fermentation, aquaculture, soil warming, mushroom growing, and space heating have been utilized extensively in both developed and developing countries. Other applications include space cooling, chemical production, paper manufacturing, and water desalination. In addition, one of the most important reasons to utilize geothermal energy sources is to be able to produce electricity with this energy source. Finally, this chapter presents a comprehensive comparative evaluation of geothermal energy utilization in the world, application varieties and classifications, recent trends, and country-based improvements. In this chapter, geothermal energy-based heating, cooling, power, hydrogen, and ammonia production applications are provided for a basic interpretation on the modeling aspects of geothermal energy utilization. Illustrative examples are comparatively provided with simple case studies for various configurations of useful geothermal production options." @default.
- W3147052458 created "2021-04-13" @default.
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- W3147052458 date "2021-01-01" @default.
- W3147052458 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
- W3147052458 title "Geothermal energy utilization" @default.
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- W3147052458 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-820775-8.00003-9" @default.
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