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• W3147070678 abstract "The purpose of the present study is to determine if the Wonderlic Personnel Test (WPT), California Psychological Inventory (CPI), and Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Organization Behavior (FIRO-B) may be used to identify psychological characteristics of successful SWAT/Tactical Response Team personnel. Thirty-four caucasian male subjects ranging in age between 26 to 45 years served as subjects. Education levels ranged from high school diploma to graduate degrees. Means and standard deviations for assessment instruments are presented. In part two, supervisors rated each participant for their general effectiveness as SWAT/Tactical Response 'ream personnel. The highest rated third of subjects was compared with the lowest rated third. The Newman-Keuls test was utilized to maintain the familywise error rate. Univariate ANOVA'S indicated statisticaUy significant differences between the highest and lowest rated groups on CPI scales V2, SO and FM at the .05 level, INTRODUCTION The value of pre-employment psychological assessment for security positions has long been recognized and utilized, In 1916, Termin studied general intelligence to assist in ihe selection of police officers in San Jose, Ca|ifomia. Since then, many researchers have investigated pre-. employment psychological screening of Law Enforcement Officer's. (Saxe and Reiser, 1976; Crosby, 1979; Hiatt & Hargrave, 1988; Shusman & Inwald, 1991; Super, Blau, Wells, & Murdock, 1993: Blau, Super, & Brady, 1993). With in the reahn of criminal justice, a more recent derivative has been the application of psychological testing to assist with appointment to specialty positions such as SWAT and Hostage negotiators. Several researchers, utilizing small samples, have investigated the use of psychological testing results to identify personality characteristics associated with successful hostage negotiation performance (Hibler, 1984: Getty & Elam. 1988; Allen, Fraser & lnwald, 1991). Hence, there appears to be at least, a modicum of published research on psychological characteristics of hostage negotiators. Many psychologists are currently providing pre-appointment psychological assessments for Special Weapons and Tactics (SWAT) Personnel and Tactical Responses Team (TRT) Personnel. Nevertheless, a computer search (Psychlit, 1994) of the literature from 1974 to date, was void of public~ltions on the utilization of psychological tests to identify characteristics of successful SWAT or TRT Personnel. The question may then be asked: Are there differences between officers involved with SWAT and those who are not which may warrant additional or different pre-appointment psychological testing Zizzo concluded that law enforcement subgroups and the people they protect may be better served if subgroup differences are recognized and addressed. The purpose of part one of the present study was to identify personality characteristics and traits which may be associated with successful Special Weapons and ~ihctics Team (SWAT) members' performance. After a general profile of functioning SWAT team personnel is derived in part one, part two compares psychological test scores of active SWAT/TRT personnel rated as best with scores of those members rated as least best. SWAT/TRT Personnel shall be referred to as SWAT Personnel. PART 1 METHOD S~'~]Ecrs: Thirty four active part-time SWAT personnel with a minimum of one year of experience from two medium size law enforcement agencies served as subjects. With the exception of a few large agencies, it it custom:iry for SWAT Teams to consist of part-time members who perform various fiinctions within the field of emergency services. Only during training exercises and actual deployment does SWAT team membership take eminence. All of the subjects were male which is not unusual for SWAT personnel. Subjects ranged in age from 26 to 45 years with a mean age of 33. All subjects were caucasian. The average education obtained by this sample was ~'some college without an earned degree. Obtained education levels, ranged from a high school graduate to graduate degrees. PXOCEr~URL': Like predecessors researching psychological testing procedures for criminal justice system special appointmems (Getty & Etam, 1988: Allen, Fraser & Inwald, 1991), it was assumed that all subjects wcre suited for SWAT Team membership as all underwent a rigorous selection process. Each team member has performed adequately during training and eme~ency deployment activities. 60 Journal of Pofice and Criminal Psychology 1995 Issue All research participants were given a batter 5, of psychological tests including the Wonderlic Personnel TestForm IV (WPT-FM IV) (Wonderlic, 1992), the California Psychological Inventory (CPI) (Gough, 1987), and the Fundamental Interpersonal Relations Organization-Behavior (FIRO-B) (Schutz, 1966). The WPT is a combined speed and power test used to measure general intelligence. Nineteen-Ninety-Two normative data for the WPT is available on a sample of over 80,000 persons. Data is also available on various applicant populations. The CPI and the FIROB are well known in psychology, The CPI assesses personality characteristics in general while the FIRO-B accesses how personal needs affect ones behavior towards other people_ Standard administration and scoring procedures were implemented to organize the data. The total duration of test administration was approximately two hours. Traditional tests of psychopathology, (MMPI, MMPI-2 or PAl) were not utilized tt~ most SWAT personnel were screened with these instruments prior to appointment and did not evidence pathological profiles. REsut.rs: To maintain compliance with the Civil Rights Act of 199l, all data shall be presented as raw scores, Although all subjects in the present study are male, raw scores will allow practitioners to directly compare male and female scoring patterns. Means and standard deviations for test scores are presented in Table One. Psychological testing patterns suggest that SWAT personnel tend to be of average intelligence at approximately the 50th percentile. Analysis of CPi validity scales for this sample suggested that they responded to testing in a relatively open and honest manner. The average individual omitted less than one item response. CPI structural interpretation suggested that SWAT members are likely to be described as productive and task focused. They are ambitious and are inclined to take charge in emergency situations. Their behavior is guided by external norms, customs and expectancies. They tend to be rather tough minded rather than sensitive. Sample respondents perceived themselves as self-sufficient and emotionally independent and they appeared to have adequate resources to cope with the emotional consequences of their behavior. FIRO-B and CPI scale interpretation suggested that research participants are likely to be viewed by others as being rcsponsible individuals who seek leadership positions. Sample participants had a proclivity to be selective with whom they choose to associate. They have a propensity to be uncomfortable around unfamiliar people and prefer small groups to large crowds. Although research participants did not appear to experience distress by holding leadership positions, they choose to move into these positions at their own speed. Untested, unfamiliar ground tends to result in anxiety for them. Data suggested that they tend to be realistic and practical regarding expressing and receiving affection. PART 2 METHOD 9 ~ U B J E C T S J T h e subjects in part two of this investigation were comprised of twenty (20) research participants selected from the original thirty four (34). The original sample was divided approximately into thirds with ten (10) subjeers being rated as best officers, fourteen (14)being rated as average, and ten (10) being rated as least best. The of_ ricers rated as average were dropped from this poman of the study, The average age of participants for best and least best groups were 32.6 years and 31,2 years respectfully. TABLE 1 Testing Raw Score Means and Standard Deviations" @default.
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• W3147070678 date "2007-01-01" @default.
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• W3147070678 title "PSYCHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SUCCESSFUL SWAT/TACTICAL RESPONSE TEAM PERSONNEL" @default.
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