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• W3147471421 abstract "Among the vertebrates, birds and bats are capable of active flight. For active fliers soaring is considered to be the most energy-saving way to meet their needs, as energy is extracted from natural winds and converted into a potential or kinetic form. For example, seabirds (gulls) soar to move between roosting and foraging areas, whereas others with high wing loadings (auks, cormorants) can only soar in strong winds [1]. Until now bats were considered to be unable to use soaring flight, due to their wing construction and lack of convective air currents during nighttime [1]. In Madurai, India, we were able to observe emballonurid bats (Taphozous sp.) soaring at altitudes between 50 and 250 m. For two consecutive nights on August 3 and 4, 1990 a group of at least 15 animals used the smooth slope of Keelakuyilkudi hill (130 m high) and strong winds for slope-soaring. Individual bats were observed soaring at constant position for at least 0.5 h, interrupted only by sudden changes in altitude which were controlled by wing strokes. These flight maneuvers included turns, yawing, and rolling. Due to the nature of these maneuvers we suggest that these flight activities indicate the pursuit of prey. After these brief interludes the bats resumed soaring and remained motionless in the air. Therefore, the bats may use soaring in their search for prey insects which fly at high altitudes. The observations were made with binoculars by the light of a full moon and hazy sky. The genus of the bats was identified by wing contours as Taphozous [2]. As only two species of Taphozous occur in the Madurai area, the soaring bats were either T. melanopogon, T. nudiventris, or both. The two species are known to feed at high altitudes [2]. The bats started soaring at about 7.30 p.m., i.e., 0.5 h after fly-out time. For soaring the bats exploit the strong winds over the top of Keelakuyilkudi hill which usually prevail in summer during daytime and only cease around midnight. Further research is underway to investigate the exact energetic conditions and food resources of insectivorous bats at this altitude, as both species are known for their opportunistic feeding behavior [2]." @default.
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• W3147471421 date "2005-01-01" @default.
• W3147471421 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W3147471421 title "Long-Term Training in a Choice Reaction Time Task Reveals Different Learning Characteristics for the Visual and Auditory System" @default.
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