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• W3148021342 abstract "The developmentof miniature, low-power, low-noise multisensor microsystems plays an importantrole in medical diagnosis. The detection of mechanical, chemical, andbiological parameters inside the human body has advanced significantly inrecent years. Continuous measurement of physiological parameters in thegastrointestinal (GI) tract is often necessary for diagnostic and monitoring.Traditionally, the diagnosis of the GI abnormality is performed by inserting anendoscope containing sensors to the GI tract. This time-consuming anduncomfortable method for patients has motivated the researchers to develop wirelesscapsules by integrating miniature sensors and low-power interface circuits withtelemetry. The integration of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) andintegrated circuits (IC) technology with a wireless link will also form a basisfor future multisensor microsystems.    The overall goal of this research is to design and develop awireless capsule having new MEMS sensor systems as well as low-power andhigh-resolution interface IC circuits with a wireless link and antenna for thereal-time measurement and detection of physiological parameters in the GItract. Along with system level design of wireless capsule, it is important tofocus on system components, such as sensors, interface circuits, and antenna,to optimise the wireless capsule system for high sensitivity and resolution forsensing, low-power and low-noise interface circuits, and miniaturised antennadesign. This research has produced a capacitive technique to measure pH withinthe stomach, a new analogue interface IC circuit to measure capacitive,inductive, and resistive sensor signals, a semi-digital integrated interface ICcircuit to measure capacitive sensor signals, a meandered conformal antenna,and a wireless capsule system.    Since the pH of gastric acid of the stomach is in strongacidic ranges, the capacitive pH sensor designed in this study utilisespermittivity of the sensor being a function of pH. It is designed andfabricated on both silicon and quartz substrates and also experimentallyvalidated to measure strong acidic and basic ranges in this dissertation. Thecapacitance change from the pH sensor on silicon substrate is 29.57 pF over therange of pH 1.0 to 5.0. The pH sensor on quartz substrate produces capacitancechange of 10.21 pF with reduced non-linear response over the range of pH 1.0 to5.2.    This dissertation presents a frequency modulation basedinterface IC circuit that is designed and experimented for capacitive,inductive, and resistive sensors. The changes in capacitance of the pH sensorare converted to frequency shifts using a voltage controlled oscillator IC.Measurements confirmed a frequency shift of 30.96 MHz and 4.317 MHz for achange in pH of 1.0 to 5.0 and 10.0 to 12.0, respectively. A highly sensitivecharge pump based circuit with negative feedback system is implemented toconvert frequency changes to voltage changes. The circuit is reconfigurable toprovide control over dynamic range, resolution, and nominal point ofmeasurements. The feedback control system, which does not require another VCOin the feedback loop for converting frequency changes into voltage changes,minimises the overall power consumption. A voltage change of 419.7 mV isobtained using the frequency-to-voltage converter (FVC) circuit for a change inpH of 1.0 to 4.0. The interface IC circuit is fabricated in the UMC 0.18 µmCMOS process. It consumes 11.772 mW from a 1.8 V supply, of which 378 µW isconsumed by the FVC circuit.    Another interface IC circuit using pulse-width modulationtechnique is also designed and experimentally evaluated to convert capacitancechanges of a sensor into pulse-width variations. The circuit includes adifferential structure of RC controlled pulse generator with high pass filterto reduce bandwidth of noise sources and a self-tuning inverter comparator toreduce threshold deviation due to supply, temperature, and process variations.The circuit is configurable to adjust sensitivity, dynamic range, and nominalpoint of measurements. The circuit, which is evaluated for a capacitive pressuresensor, provides sensitivity of 60 ns/kPa and 23 ns/kPa for pressure from 101to 200 kPa and from 50 to 101 kPa, respectively. This circuit is alsofabricated in the UMC 0.18 µm CMOS process and consumes 98 µW from a 1.8 Vsupply.    A new miniaturised antenna for wireless capsule operating atIndustrial, Scientific and Medical (ISM) band with high gain andomnidirectional radiation patterns is designed. This dissertation presents ameandered conformal antenna which is fabricated on a flexible polyimidematerial and wrapped around the inner surface of a capsule to provide extraspace for sensors and circuits inside a wireless capsule compared to anembedded antenna. The performance of the antenna is evaluated experimentallyand shows centre frequency of 433 MHz with 124.4 MHz bandwidth andomnidirectional radiation patterns. The measured pathloss is 17.24 dB forin-body propagation distance of 140 mm. Due to the wide-band characteristicsand omnidirectional radiation patterns, the antenna is suitable to integratewith wireless capsule system for wireless communication.    The last phase of the research is the integration of sensorsystems and interface IC circuits with wireless transceiver systems and antennafor the design and implementation of a complete wireless capsule systemplatform to measure pH, pressure, and temperature of GI tract. Thisdissertation includes the integration of sensors, interface IC circuits, andtransceiver circuit with meandered conformal antenna in a wireless capsule tomeasure physiological parameters in the GI tract and to address some designchallenges associated with miniaturisation, power consumption, and wirelesscommunication. A data receiver system is also designed to receive physiologicaldata from wireless capsule and to send data to a computer for real-time displayand recording. The wireless capsule, which is 27 mm in inner length and 12 mmin inner diameter, is packaged and evaluated experimentally invitro to measure physiological parameters of the GI tract inreal-time." @default.
• W3148021342 created "2021-04-13" @default.
• W3148021342 creator A5079175342 @default.
• W3148021342 date "2017-02-09" @default.
• W3148021342 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W3148021342 title "MEMS Multisensor Microsystem with Integrated Interface Circuits for Wireless Capsule and Biomedical Applications" @default.
• W3148021342 doi "https://doi.org/10.4225/03/589c00be56b37" @default.
• W3148021342 hasPublicationYear "2017" @default.
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