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• W314880596 abstract "Authoring Packages Continue to Mature Authoring system software, in general, has not experienced any radical transformations within the last year. Packages have, however, been fine-tuned and enhanced, often in response to users' feedback. And the genre as a whole has expanded due to a crossover element in certain other packages that, although not expressly designed for it, can be bent to the task of authoring courseware. New Category Added Now packages fall into three categories: authoring systems, authoring programs, and others. Authoring systems are comprehensive. They usually include a variety of built-in editors; testing capabilities; sophisticated answer-analysis functions; comprehensive student-mastery tracking and recordkeeping features; and controls for attached hardware, such as videodisc players. In contrast, authoring programs are simpler and more narrowly focused. They basically concentrate on lesson creation. An example is PC-CAI from TexaSoft. This package, marketed as shareware, lets teachers combine text, animated graphics, color, sound and branching in lessons. The others category is a literal grab-bag. Desktop presentation packages are in this bag because they generate informative visuals. Another type of product, Instant Replay from Nostradamus, Inc., qualifies for the grab-bag because it memorizes and replays other programs--useful for tutorials on specific software packages. Programs best described as hypermedia construction kits--the most well-known being Apple Computer's HyperCard--are also in this category. These packages can be used to construct non-linear, multimedia, instructional materials--currently a highly visible subset of courseware. Flowcharts and Icons One current trend, largely due to feedback from educators, is an increased emphasis on icon-based lesson creation. This method involves building a flowchart of the lesson from various icons, with each icon representing a different process or function. Flowcharting is popular for several reasons. First, it makes it easy for an author to see how all the parts of a lesson fit together. Second, it's very fast. And third, it allows teachers to rough out a lesson, then go back and rearrange, fill in details, add or delete elements, etc. Many authoring systems utilize icons, including Quest from Allen Communication; Authorware from Authorware, Inc.; and IconAuthor from AimTech Corp. The newly released Version 2.1 of IconAuthor, for example, adds eight new icons, bringing the total number in its Icon Library to 45. Multimedia/Hypermedia Also gaining prominence in the field is support for multimedia courseware. More and more packages allow sound and video to be incorporated into lessons. These two elements, especially when used together, exert a powerful influence over learning. Video segments are usually pulled off a videodisc. Support features now offered by packages include frame editors, titling functions and the ability to overlay text or graphics on video. With respect to sound, many products have built-in sound editors, and some also have digital audio modules for recording and playing back audio signals. Finally, hypermedia--the combination of multimedia and the ability to jump from place to place in an intuitive fashion--is becoming more prevalent in both courseware and other software. To create hypermedia applications, users need a construction kit. Apple's HyperCard for the Macintosh is one. Now there is also a similar product for DOS machines called LinkWay from IBM Corp. and one for Apple II and Laser 128 computers called the Tutor-Tech Hypermedia Toolkit from Techware Corp. A very sophisticated example of hypermedia at work in education is HyperPath. This multimedia learning and reference system was developed by Dr. Daniel Alonso for Cornell University's medical college. …" @default.
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• W314880596 title "Authoring Packages Continue to Mature" @default.
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