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• W3149018502 abstract "This article aims to contribute to our knowledge of the relationship between war and culture in the twentieth century by reconstructing the accounts of the so-called Red Terror that circulated with profusion in the Nationalist zone of Spain during the Civil War of 1936–39 and the early 1940s. Contrary to the thesis that regards this literature as an appendix of the rebel leadership’s official propaganda, this article argues that it was an original literary genre, born of the experiences of the real and potential victims of Republican repression and popularized by recognized authors of the period, although its political utility was immediate. The dramatization of the testimonies about the terror realized by authors such as Jacinto Miquelarena, Concha Espina and Agustin de Foxa, often inspired by classic works such as The Scarlet Pimpernel, explains the popularity that they enjoyed during the early Franco era. In 1921, with World War I recently concluded, a young French historian called Marc Bloch posed a question which remains valid today: how are war narratives born, constructed and propagated? (Bloch 1995: 165). Bloch, the founder of the Annales school, could also have asked how these narratives are utilized by those with political power and to what extent they are capable of mobilizing populations. These questions constitute the basis of much of the research undertaken in recent decades regarding ‘war cultures’, with particular reference to the conflict of 1914–18. Historians agree that amongst the Entente powers this culture was founded as much on the exaltation of homeland as on the symbolic construction of a cruel and barbarous enemy. News of alleged German atrocities against the civilian populations of Belgium and France, spread by refugees fleeing from the occupied zones, the press and the governments of the Entente countries, explains in good measure the high level of support that the war effort enjoyed amongst their respective societies (Audoin-Rouzeau and Becker 2000: 142–48; Horne and Kramer 2001: 175–225). The cocktail of actual experience and myth (based on traditional stereotypes about the German character and memories of old conflicts such as the FrancoPrussian War of 1871) functioned as a formidable weapon of war. According to a number of recent studies (Cazorla 2007: 289–302; Perez Bowie 2002: 42–43; Sevillano 2007: 43–61), many of these elements can 289 JWCS 2 (3) pp. 289–304 © Intellect Ltd 2009 Keywords" @default.
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• W3149018502 date "2011-01-01" @default.
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• W3149018502 title "War and culture in Nationalist Spain, 193639: testimony and fiction in the narrative of the Red Terror" @default.
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