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• W3149598840 abstract "I. INTRODUCTION The SS Deepwater Horizon (1) exploded on April 20, 2010, in its aftermath killing eleven humans and perhaps significant numbers of other animals. (2) The full extent of the destruction from leaking petroleum products from the Macondo 252 well caused by the explosion may never be understood. In addition to the loss of human life, the risk of hypoxia (3) is significant. While dead zones presently exist along the coastal regions of the Gulf of Mexico, (4) the end of sea plant life, such as algae, in deepwater areas may hasten the death of aquatic animal life in extensive areas of that ocean system. Then again, the Macondo well's rupture and spill may have no such effect in the long-term. (5) We know for certain, however, that the vessel owners' causation of spilling petroleum products will precipitate extensive debate and disputes, in and out of court, (6) about public policies the Gulfs nations should pursue to minimize the risk of such episodes recurring. Debates will begin with whether the measures implemented in concert with public policies should make a compromised, deepwater wellhead substantially less likely--or altogether impossible. These disagreements will pit the competing national interests of the United States of America (U.S.) and of Mexico (7) and other Latin American nations bordering the Gulf against each other. Interests of individual American states in the realms of economy and will be in conflict. Disagreements will engage industries against governments, and the petroleum-exploration-and-capture industry (8) against economic engines such as tourism, food-harvesting, and recreational exploitation of animal resources of the living Gulf. For-profit enterprises will be opposed by species-preservation advocates (9) urging a wide regulatory spectrum of policies ranging from keep drilling out of the Gulf altogether, to ecology primacy, to balancing of needs viewpoints. (10) Those several species-preservation interest groups will oppose certain of each others' positions. Game fish are an illustration: advocates of deep sea sport fishing for commercial harvest, shore- and pier-fishing, boat chartering for scuba divers, and fish as life forms are all interested in the Florida marlin's welfare. Vilifying of opponents' representatives will be public and pervasive. An environment of mutual distrust will make accommodating competing viewpoints immensely complex. Adopting public policies and concurrent regulatory schemes will encounter two hurdles. First will be the coherent understanding of what myriad stakeholders already know and continue to learn from the Deepwater Horizon Macondo well experience. Second will be a rational assessment of the sensible, unemotional alternative courses of action, adopting a vision of human engagement with the Gulf. Momentum will arise to allow certain experts to take the lead and heavily influence the ultimately derived policies and regulations. This momentum should be opposed with energy; in this conundrum mixing science and ethics, (11) there are no experts. No philosopher king has emerged among the parties engaged in the Macondo well spill calamity and aftermath during its initial ninety days. No one among environmentalists, civil and petroleum engineers, bureaucrats and officials of local, state, and federal governments has assumed the mantle of wisdom. In truth, no one person or modestly-sized group of persons has--or will have--the experience or the ability to formulate how to protect any ecosystem from the disastrous impact of profound environmental disruption. During 2010, no one can do more than speculate whether the Gulfs disruption will be a temporary nuisance, or gauge the magnitude of ultimate damages from the enormous flow of petroleum escaping the ruptured wellhead, whether economic or ecological. There is little reason to round up the usual suspects found among the industry experts and government leaders who, collectively, failed the American public during the second quarter of 2010. …" @default.
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• W3149598840 date "2011-01-01" @default.
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• W3149598840 title "Bridging the Gulf: Using Mediated, Consensus-Based Regulation to Reconcile Competing Public Policy Agendas in Disaster Mitigation" @default.
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