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• W3149807200 abstract "In a discussion paper entitled Philanthropy in a Liberal Education, Payton [1991] described functions of advocacy as articulating failures of government and marketplace, as well as pointing out inconstancies, inefficiencies, and other weaknesses of philanthropy itself. Advocacy, according to Payton, endows philanthropy with a social conscience. Those who study activist role of philanthropy thus have an opportunity to explore what Geertz [1983: 36-54] called the social history of moral imagination.Yet it is precisely this historical perspective that is overlooked by those who seek to understand advocacy. The emergence and development of advocacy has usually been described as a byproduct of social activism of 1960s, especially of civil rights movement [Jenkins 1987]. This article suggests that advocacy has a longer and more interesting history, taking as its starting point premise that an examination of that history can tell us much about current effectiveness and impact of on children's welfare.This work is part of a larger study that traces evolution of child advocacy within context of post-1945 welfare state. It focuses on Citizens' Committee for Children of New York, Inc. (CCC), which, soon after its incorporation in 1945, emerged as most influential group concerned with New York City's children [Kahn et al. 1972]. A small, elite, nonprofit organization, CCC functioned as what we might today call a policy advocacy group, pursuing investigatory fact-finding and research, publishing reports and bulletins, establishing guidelines, and making policy and program recommendations. Most of this work was carried out by volunteer members, both lay and professional, and a small core staff. From its very beginning, CCC defined itself as an advocate for although term had not yet come into common use.By mid-1960s, changes in broader currents of child welfare reform, as well as emergence of a nascent child advocacy movement, challenged CCC's predominant position, and forced group to reevaluate its advocacy program, strategies, and goals. Although it could be argued that rise and fall of groups like CCC is simply a fact of organizational life--that groups unable to adapt to new political and social circumstances and attract new blood will inevitably ossify--CCC's history raises other important advocacy issues.As themselves have admitted, precious little energy has been expended documenting and analyzing experiences of child advocates [Bing & Richart 1987]. Child advocacy has little recorded institutional memory on which to rely. This article seeks to correct that imbalance by exploring changing content and meaning of child advocacy through postwar decades. It assesses CCC's impact on child, as well as strategies it used, and suggests reasons for its influence. Finally, it examines briefly changes in nonprofit child advocacy brought about by different social, racial, and political realities of 1960s. By documenting CCC's advocacy efforts and identifying ingredients of its success, as well as its shortfalls, it is hoped that this article will provide instruction and inspiration to others trying to correct government inaction or indifference toward children.Advocacy within Postwar ContextSince at least early nineteenth century, various individuals and groups have tried to improve lot of poor children, particularly child laborers. In England in 1802, Sir Robert Peel obtained passage of a bill in Parliament restricting employment of apprentices to 12 hours a day [de Schweinitz 1943]. Seventeen years later, Peel and Robert Owen succeeded in passing a law forbidding employment of children under nine years of age and restricting work of children under age 16 to 12 hours a day [de Schweinitz 1943].In this country, too, social activists have long articulated interests of children. …" @default.
• W3149807200 created "2021-04-13" @default.
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• W3149807200 date "2017-11-30" @default.
• W3149807200 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W3149807200 title "The Citizens’ Committee for Children of New York and the Evolution of Child Advocacy (1945-1972)" @default.
• W3149807200 doi "https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351315920-15" @default.
• W3149807200 hasPublicationYear "2017" @default.
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