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- W3150874585 abstract "T H E V E N T R I C U L O A T R I A L S H U N T O P E R A T I O N has been used universally for the treatment of hydrocephalus. The history of the t reatment for hydrocephalus by establishing a communication between the cerebrospinal fluid pathways and the vascular system began with G/irtner 9 who first suggested the concept at the National Science Convention at Lfibeck in 1895. Payr, 2s who published his experiences in 1908, first a t tempted to make ventriculo-venous anastomosis. He connected the lateral ventricle to the longitt~dinal sinus using a segment of saphenous or temporal vein in 3 patients, but his efforts were unsuccessful. Thereafter many surgeons6, I~ 16,2G at tempted fruitlessly the ventriculo-venous shunts for hydrocephalus during the first half of this century. But as early as May, 1949, Nulsen and Spitz Ia devised a system utilizing two ball valves connected with a rubber pump. This shunt was implanted to connect the lateral ventricle with the internal jugular vein in a 14-month-old infant with hydrocephalus. When they reported the result of this implantation in 1951, the shunt had been functioning satisfactorily for 2 1/2 years. In 1957, Pudenz et al., 27 published their experience with a single silicone slit-and-core valve molded into the tip of the cardiac segment of the tube. And they used their shunt in a female infant with obstructive hydrocephalus. They wrote successful use of this method requires that the valve at the end of the cardiac tube be properly located in the auricle~so that it floats, as it were, in a pool of blood. Should the valve remain within the lumen of the internal jugular vein, it will be enveloped closely by the vessel wall and cease to function within a few days. After the work of Nulsen and Spitz, and that of Pudenz et al., the procedure met with a great success. Ventriculo-atrial shunt operation is now fairly universally accepted for palliation of hydrocephalus, obstructive and communicating, acquired and congenital. However, many complications of this surgical procedure have been reported. The serious complications of ventriculo-atrial shunting are major venous thrombosis and septicemia, because of inadequate placement of the end of the cardiac tube. Placement in the jugular vein results in obstruction or encapsulation of the end of the tube, and tubes passed to the areas of the tricuspid valve predispose to the development of mural thrombi and septicemia. In the ventriculo-atrial shunt operation, the most important point to prevent for these complications to occur is, how to place the distal end of the cardiac tube a c curately in the right atrium. The early methods of verification of the positioning of the cardiac tube were the roentogenographic methods1,2~ 28 using the metal stylet into the tube, the contrast medium injected into the tube or the rodioopaque silicone tube. In 1960, Mark and Sweet is reported a new method for accurate placing the cardiac" @default.
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- W3150874585 date "1971-01-01" @default.
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- W3150874585 title "Use of Ultrasound in Detecting Optimum Position of Distal End of Ventriculoatrial Shunt in Relation to Tricuspid." @default.
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