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• W3151099475 abstract "Commercial eucalyptus forests provide surface litter and canopy for partial soil protection and erosion control. Identifying sediment sources in a watershed is essential to accurately target management actions designed to reduce sediment delivery to water bodies. We examine the effect of two particle sizes and locations of potential sediment sources on their contribution to sediment yield. Geochemical properties, determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and X-ray fluorescence analyses, were employed to calculate proportional contributions of sediment in a watershed (0.98 km) and in a sub-watershed (0.39 km) cropped to commercial eucalyptus (Figure 1a) by using a sediment fingerprinting approach. The sediment sources evaluated were eucalyptus stands, stream banks and unpaved roads (Figure 1b). Source contributions were determined at points at spatially distributed sites along the main channel of the watershed (Figure 1c). Source determination for the in-stream sites was performed using samples collected at one spot to evaluate source contributions of areas upstream of this site of interest, to indicate how different sources dominate at different locations downstream. To examine whether different size fractions shared similar origins, two size fractions of both source and suspended samples including fine (<0.063 mm) and coarse (0.063–2 mm) particles were analyzed. Samples of suspended sediment were also collected using two time-integrated trap samplers installed in the watershed and in the sub-watershed outlets, during two time intervals (Feb/11-Oct/11 and Nov/11-Nov/12). Sediment source discrimination was performed by using total element concentration of source samples. Statistical analyses employed to identify composite fingerprints capable of discriminating the sources was comprised of two steps (Collins et al., 1997): (i) test the discrimination of potential sources by the fingerprint properties, and (ii) apply a multivariate mixing model to estimate the relative contribution of the different sources to a given sedimentsample (Walling and Woodward, 1995; Walling and Collins, 2000). The source apportionment results indicated that particle-size and location of sources within a watershed were major factors affecting the contribution of sediment sources for the coarse and fine sediments. The closer the sediment source, the higher was the sediment source contribution, especially for the coarse particles. The main source of sediment was from the stream bank (Table 1). The main suspended sediment source for the watershed and the sub-watershed from Feb/11 to Oct/11 was the stream bank, while the unpaved road provided lower contributions (Figure 2), and the eucalyptus stand did not contribute to sediment generation. From Nov/11 to Nov/12, all sources contributed, where the main source was the bank for both watersheds. The main contribution is in agreement with soil fragility on the banks, and the eucalyptus stand had lower contributions probably because of the protective effect of surface litter and canopy and runoff control. Despite this soil protection, the eucalyptus stand showed contributions to sediment yield during the second period, probably due to rainfall characteristics, where one" @default.
• W3151099475 created "2021-04-13" @default.
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• W3151099475 date "2016-01-01" @default.
• W3151099475 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W3151099475 title "Sediment Fingerprinting in Nested Watersheds Cropped to Eucalyptus" @default.
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