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• W3153163376 abstract "We present direct numerical simulation of a mechanism for creating longitudinal vortices in pipe flow, compared with a simple model theory. By furnishing the pipe wall with a pattern of crossing waves secondary flow in the form of spanwise vortex pairs is created. The mechanism `CL1' is kinematic and known from oceanography as a driver of Langmuir circulation. CL1 is strongest when the `wall wave' vectors make an accute angle with the axis, $varphi=10^circ$ - $20^circ$ (a `contracted eggcarton'), changes sign near $45^circ$ and is weak and opposite beyond this angle. A competing, dynamic mechanism driving secondary flow in the opposite sense is also observed created by the azimuthally varying friction. Whereas at smaller angles `CL1' prevails, the dynamic effect dominates when $varphigtrsim 45^circ$ reversing the flow. Curiously, circulation strength is a faster-than-linearly increasing function of Reynolds number for the contracted case. We explore an analogy with Prandtl's secondary motion of the second kind in turbulence. A transport equation for average streamwise vorticity is derived, and we analyse it for three different crossing angles, $varphi=18.6^circ, 45^circ$ and $60^circ$. Mean-vorticity production is organised in a ring-like structure with the two rings contributing to rotating flow in opposite senses. For the larger $varphi$ the inner ring decides the main swirling motion, whereas for $varphi=18.6^circ$ outer-ring production dominates. For the larger angles the outer ring is mainly driven by advection of vorticity and the inner by deformation (stretching) whereas for $varphi=18.6^circ$ both contribute approximately equally to production in the outer ring." @default.
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• W3153163376 date "2021-04-15" @default.
• W3153163376 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W3153163376 title "Designing vortices in pipe flow with topography-driven Langmuir circulation" @default.
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