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• W3153245728 endingPage "109056" @default.
• W3153245728 startingPage "109056" @default.
• W3153245728 abstract "Micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) are ubiquitous in aquatic and terrestrial environments, and detrimental biological effects have been observed on a variety of organisms, from bacteria and alga to plants and animals. A fast-growing number of toxicological studies report diverse responses and wide species-dependent sensitivity upon MNP exposure. While studies are dominated by in vivo animal tests, our understanding of cellular toxicity and the corresponding toxicity mechanisms is still limited. This challenges the proper assessment of environmental hazards and health risks of MNPs. In this review, we gathered and analyzed the up-to-date studies on humans, animals, plants, alga, and bacteria, and identified the similarities and differences in key toxicity mechanisms of MNPs across different taxonomic groups. Particularly, human cell-based studies at the cellular level provide fundamental and valuable information on the key toxicity mechanisms, which are essential to answer the question of whether and how MNPs pose health threats. In general, toxicity mechanisms of MNPs depend on their size, surface characteristics, polymer type, as well as cell type. Plausible toxicity mechanisms mainly include membrane disruption, extracellular polymeric substance disruption, reactive oxygen species generation, DNA damage, cell pore blockage, lysosome destabilization, and mitochondrial depolarization. A deeper understanding of these key mechanisms in different taxonomic groups can also improve both in vivo and in vitro models useful for predictive impact assessments of plastic pollution on the environment and human health." @default.
• W3153245728 created "2021-04-26" @default.
• W3153245728 creator A5036105642 @default.
• W3153245728 creator A5039797144 @default.
• W3153245728 creator A5049789262 @default.
• W3153245728 creator A5054773003 @default.
• W3153245728 creator A5061759963 @default.
• W3153245728 creator A5069107913 @default.
• W3153245728 date "2021-09-01" @default.
• W3153245728 modified "2023-10-06" @default.
• W3153245728 title "Key mechanisms of micro- and nanoplastic (MNP) toxicity across taxonomic groups" @default.
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