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- W3154179934 abstract "To date few have looked into how earthworms have adapted or acclimatised to the harsh anddynamic environment of high altitude. In this work, I explore the terrestrial invertebrates,earthworms that were found at high altitude on the volcanic island of Pico in the Azores(Portugal) and at Les Deux Alpes in the French Alps. I initially identify species presence along analtitudinal transect compare species diversity and lineage, before investigating gene regulatorycontrol and genomic adaptation between high and low altitude populations to identify if highaltitude populations have acquired a genetic advantage to their low altitude cousin or if allworms have it within them to survive if given time to acclimatise.Altitudinal transects of two temperate-zone mountains were conducted, at Les Deux Alpes andPico, to identify presence and abundance of species. The two most abundant species, Lumbricusterrestris and Aporrectodea caliginosa, were investigated to identify diversity and specieslineage to determine which species better allowed for adaption and acclimatisationinvestigations, that are not heavily influenced by deeply rooted species diversity. Havingidentified A. caliginosa in Pico as the most suitable candidate for investigating adaption andacclimatisation with its low population diversity, an de novo genome assembly was developedand annotated.Live individuals of A. caliginosa from a high and a low altitude site on Pico were acclimatised tostandard laboratory conditions for six months prior to experimental exposure to conditionssimulating six climatic conditions for two weeks with temperature and oxygen as variables.RNAseq was performed on the RNA taken from a body transect (including muscular, nerve andgut tissues) of the exposed experimental worms, and differential gene expression wascalculated and explored between the high and low altitude populations. Despite bothpopulations normalising in identical soils for 6 months, high altitude individuals had a lowerresponse in gene expression than the Low altitude individuals and suggested an element ofepigenetic conditioning or adaption allowing a more plastic response to the changes inconditions. In particular, HMGB1, a gene that is known for its roles in regulating environmentalresponses, had a comparatively lower expression in the high altitude population than the lowaltitude population when exposed to simulated high altitude climatic stressors. SNP analysisfrom transcriptomic sequences revealed the high altitude individuals had SNPs associated withgenes that linked to directly to this gene indicating a level of adaption through SNPs andacclimatisation through potential epigenetic priming within the high altitude population." @default.
- W3154179934 created "2021-04-26" @default.
- W3154179934 creator A5061981835 @default.
- W3154179934 date "2020-01-01" @default.
- W3154179934 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W3154179934 title "Altitudinal adaptations of earthworms" @default.
- W3154179934 hasPublicationYear "2020" @default.
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