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- W3154327337 abstract "IntroductionBrain pericytes are located at the cerebral vascular walls where they regulate blood flow in microvessels without smooth muscle cells. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated that pericytes enhance and maintain blood–brain barrier (BBB) integrity by releasing soluble factors. Another functional feature of pericytes is facilitated through cytokine/chemokine receptors, macrophage markers, innate and adaptive immune system-related receptors and scavenger receptors; these enable pericytes to respond to various inflammatory mediators and pathogens. These features allow pericytes to act as sensors to monitor various pathological stimuli from the periphery and neighboring cells in the central nervous system under the pathological conditions. In this chapter, we summarize pericytic regulation of the neurovascular unit, and then discuss brain pericyte activation and its impacts on neighboring cell types under the pathophysiological conditions. We also discuss phenotypic markers for identifying the activated brain pericytes.MethodsWe surveyed literatures reporting pericytes or pericyte-derived factors in the regulation of BBB or neurovascular unit on PubMed.ResultsAmong the cells comprising the neurovascular unit, brain pericytes exhibit the highest sensitivity to TNF-α and thrombin, leading to the release of cytokines, chemokines and matrix metalloproteinase-9 and the enhancement of microglial activation. These properties suggest that pericytes act as effectors to amplify neuroinflammation in the neurovascular unit and consequently induce the impairment of BBB function. In this review, we define the state in which brain pericytes release various inflammatory mediators as “activated brain pericytes”. These are operative for induction and promotion of the BBB dysfunction. Altered expression levels of pericyte marker proteins under the pathological conditions are potential clues for identifying activated brain pericytes.ConclusionsAlthough further studies are needed to clarify the regulation and identification of activated brain pericytes, this activated state of brain pericytes should be considered as a potential therapeutic target for neurodegenerative diseases with BBB dysfunction." @default.
- W3154327337 created "2021-04-26" @default.
- W3154327337 creator A5001116847 @default.
- W3154327337 creator A5026473199 @default.
- W3154327337 creator A5069261773 @default.
- W3154327337 date "2021-01-01" @default.
- W3154327337 modified "2023-09-25" @default.
- W3154327337 title "Inflammatory Mediators Released by Brain Pericytes as Sensors and Effectors in Blood-Brain Barrier Dysfunction" @default.
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