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- W3155390944 abstract "This chapter explores how changing relationships with land and forest in the Garo Hills of India reflect in local ontologies. Historically, Garo ontology, as reflected in the traditional community religion, emphasises how people are included in relationships engaged in with other entities that populate the environment. Notably, relationships maintained with the spirits defined where people could live as well as the access they had to forest. The spirits restricted people, and could mete out harsh sanctions if they were disregarded. Nowadays the spirits have lost much of their influence, but they continue to be acknowledged with respect to large boulders that were erected in a time immemorial. While the spirits associated with the boulders continue to impose a relational ontology with respect to the places they are located, they have lost this ability with regard to the forest areas that are further removed from the boulders. There, over the last couple of decades, people have moved away from forest-based agriculture (shifting cultivation), and are instead growing monocultural orchard crops. Climate change, resulting in rising average temperatures, renders the cultivation of these cash crops viable at increasingly higher altitudes, amounting to further loss of forest. The adoption of orchard crops has been facilitated by mass conversions to Christianity and the secular modernity associated with it, which advocate a departure from the relationality that is central to the traditional community religion. How do these distinct ontological strands contrast, conflict or overlap? In this chapter, I explore the consequences of these transformations for people’s relations to boulders and forest, and argue that in Garo experiences of a relational and an extractivist ontology can somehow be connected." @default.
- W3155390944 created "2021-04-26" @default.
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- W3155390944 date "2021-04-29" @default.
- W3155390944 modified "2023-10-17" @default.
- W3155390944 title "Aloof but not abandoned" @default.
- W3155390944 cites W143825247 @default.
- W3155390944 doi "https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003144113-11" @default.
- W3155390944 hasPublicationYear "2021" @default.
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