Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W3157186999> ?p ?o ?g. }
- W3157186999 endingPage "E1935" @default.
- W3157186999 startingPage "E1897" @default.
- W3157186999 abstract "ABSTRACT Life on Earth vitally depends on the availability of water. Human pressure on freshwater resources is increasing, as is human exposure to weather-related extremes (droughts, storms, floods) caused by climate change. Understanding these changes is pivotal for developing mitigation and adaptation strategies. The Global Climate Observing System (GCOS) defines a suite of essential climate variables (ECVs), many related to the water cycle, required to systematically monitor Earth’s climate system. Since long-term observations of these ECVs are derived from different observation techniques, platforms, instruments, and retrieval algorithms, they often lack the accuracy, completeness, and resolution, to consistently characterize water cycle variability at multiple spatial and temporal scales. Here, we review the capability of ground-based and remotely sensed observations of water cycle ECVs to consistently observe the hydrological cycle. We evaluate the relevant land, atmosphere, and ocean water storages and the fluxes between them, including anthropogenic water use. Particularly, we assess how well they close on multiple temporal and spatial scales. On this basis, we discuss gaps in observation systems and formulate guidelines for future water cycle observation strategies. We conclude that, while long-term water cycle monitoring has greatly advanced in the past, many observational gaps still need to be overcome to close the water budget and enable a comprehensive and consistent assessment across scales. Trends in water cycle components can only be observed with great uncertainty, mainly due to insufficient length and homogeneity. An advanced closure of the water cycle requires improved model–data synthesis capabilities, particularly at regional to local scales." @default.
- W3157186999 created "2021-05-10" @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5001812587 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5006488104 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5016816683 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5019596790 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5027384571 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5028667116 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5029051329 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5030117080 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5030207043 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5038838249 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5039252717 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5041505117 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5045482776 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5045575808 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5045906660 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5046529986 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5052775711 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5055929239 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5058621104 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5060137389 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5061910536 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5066754586 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5067526747 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5069681278 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5069855874 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5070994105 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5074535931 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5075959442 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5077455505 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5081080083 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5084302919 @default.
- W3157186999 creator A5091682497 @default.
- W3157186999 date "2021-10-01" @default.
- W3157186999 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W3157186999 title "Closing the Water Cycle from Observations across Scales: Where Do We Stand?" @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1480234772 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1494100285 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1499381260 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1510542448 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1522265489 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1533016475 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1587345599 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1649821320 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1749048564 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1857564753 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1864924596 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1867005924 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1912958521 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1919227438 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1929270595 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1967881030 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1970641180 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1975142928 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1975503965 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1976988124 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1977473269 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1982546148 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1982904465 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1984801545 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1987288027 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1987452047 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1988207726 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1989356791 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1989839776 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1991052167 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1991243357 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1991438430 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1992012555 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1997054429 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W1998909223 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2001731209 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2002910992 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2004245996 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2004819268 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2006847610 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2007040778 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2009489718 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2011589172 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2013489803 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2019224842 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2021659977 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2025617361 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2026577690 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2028892603 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2028979033 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2029884299 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2032993224 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2039167574 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2039348932 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2048831528 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2049361277 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2056218351 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2058540316 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2058947207 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2059266940 @default.
- W3157186999 cites W2061520206 @default.