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• W3159338596 endingPage "209" @default.
• W3159338596 startingPage "189" @default.
• W3159338596 abstract "Heavy oil and bitumen, which are feedstocks rich in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), are upgraded and refined to lighter products mainly by thermal conversion and hydroprocessing. An alternative process involving oxidative ring opening to convert PAHs to products with fewer aromatic rings and a slightly increased hydrogen-to-carbon ratio appears possible. The steps in such a process are (1) oxidation of the PAHs to quinonoids, (2) ring-opening to dicarboxylic acids, and (3) decarboxylation. This chapter critically evaluates the oxidation of PAHs, highlighting how differences in their structural motifs (i.e., linear and angular ring-configurations) affect the oxidation chemistry. Although several gaps in fundamental descriptions for oxidative ring-opening by autoxidation and catalytic oxidation were identified, the reaction pathway leading to aromatic ring-opening is possible. The investigation brought insights regarding the conversion chemistry. The way in which oxygen adds to the PAHs in the preoxidative step is dependent on the ring configuration. The steps following the addition of oxygen to the aromatic structure involved not only the formation of quinonoids but also the formation of anhydride species, with at least one reversible pathway proceeding through the anhydride (i.e., elimination of oxygen from the anhydride to produce the quinonoid and oxygen addition to the quinonoid to produce the anhydride). This reaction is more easily accomplished by the oxidation of outer rings in PAHs and internal rings in PAHs with an angular ring configuration. Quinonoid and anhydride species can also be produced by selective catalytic oxidation of the PAHs. Irrespective of whether autoxidation or catalytic oxidation is performed, ring-opening proceeds through the oxidative formation and hydrolysis of anhydride species, which leads to the formation of carboxylic acid products. Aromatic ring-opening requires both oxidation and hydrolysis." @default.
• W3159338596 created "2021-05-10" @default.
• W3159338596 creator A5064623925 @default.
• W3159338596 creator A5074793644 @default.
• W3159338596 date "2021-01-01" @default.
• W3159338596 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W3159338596 title "Heavy Oil Upgrading by Oxidative Ring-Opening of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons" @default.
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