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• W3159481882 abstract "Civilinfrastructure is witnessing an increasing number of degraded and deterioratedsteel structures. With current retrofitting and rehabilitation techniquesbecoming outdated the implementation of carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP)materials have excelled with their impressive strength to weight ratios andchemical resistance. Unfortunately the longevity of bonded CFRP systems islargely unproven under industrial conditions, in particular under combinedenvironmental exposure and fatigue loading.    Environmental exposure for such applications often involveselevated temperature and moisture. Moisture ingress can be detrimental toadhesive integrity and can provide the necessary environment for galvaniccorrosion between steel and CFRP materials. Temperature changes, particularlyelevated temperatures, can soften epoxy adhesives as they reach their glasstransition temperature (Tg), in turn, significantly reducing their strength.Additionally, this rubberisation can further intensify the level of moistureabsorption, compounding and exacerbating the degradation. Finally these deterioratedmaterials are likely to be more detrimentally affected by the application ofstrenuous loading which can significantly reduce their strength even further.    Thus, the broad aim of this research is to better understandthe durability and fatigue performance of CFRP/steel systems. The first stageof research into the bond performance of CFRP/steel was to quantify the amountof localised corrosion (pitting) created between CFRP and steel duringsubmergence in simulated seawater solutions at elevated temperature. Pittingcreates high stress concentrations and can become the site of prematurecracking and fracture. Specimen submergence in seawater solutions showed thatisolated pitting was insignificant, with general chloride corrosion being more substantialthan localised galvanic damage. Consequently, the potential degradation of theadhered joint under such conditions appeared to be more influential on thedurability and fatigue performance of CFRP/steel systems.    The next stage focused on an investigation of the bondstrength of CFRP patched steel double lap specimens after fatigue loading andenvironmental exposure. To investigate the most damaging and destructivescenarios to durability and strength of the joints, the service loading, fatigueloading, exposure temperature and submergence duration were altered. Normalmodulus materials were unable to survive the application of high stress fatiguecycles after environmental exposure. On the other hand, high modulus sheetingspecimens survived all loading and environmental conditioning, experiencingstrength losses of only 10% on average.    The final stage was to investigate methods to improve thebond integrity of double-lap joints to reduce the amount of degradation duringsubmergence and loading. Firstly, a high Tg adhesive was implemented tomaintain joint integrity and strength under elevated temperature. Furthermore,carbon nanotubes (CNT) were dispersed into common structural epoxies toincrease the physical and mechanical properties of the adhesives, however theiraddition increased adhesive viscosity and decreased their workability. Also achemical bond promoter, silane, was introduced to enhance the chemical bond ofCFRP/steel joints to ease the strength losses resulting from submergence andfatigue. However, levels of strength reduction remained comparable betweenun-treated and silane pre-treated samples, implying that degradation is notnecessarily due to an issue between the interface of steel and epoxy, but morelikely within the bulk adhesive. Thus, silane pre-treatment is perhaps moreeffective when combined with multi-layered patches as they commonly witnessmore steel and adhesive interfacial failures.    After bond performance was explored in detail, investigationsprogressed to examine the fatigue performance of CFRP repaired damaged steelafter seawater submergence. Tri-layered CFRP patches were applied topre-cracked steel plates prior to exposure. Configurations consisted of eithersingle or double sided repair, with or without silane pre-treatment. Severaldouble sided repaired specimens managed to survive in excess of 6 millioncycles without any visible damage after exposure, while single sided specimensmaintained at least an 80% increase in fatigue life over bare steel.    Finally, a numerical model was developed to predict thefatigue life of pre-exposed CFRP repaired steel, which was validated via theexperimental investigations. The influence of environmental conditioning wasincorporated into linear elastic fracture mechanics theory to accuratelypredict the degradation and fatigue performance of exposed repairs.    This research provides advanced understanding into thedurability of adhered CFRP to steel. Investigations focused on the combinationof fatigue loading and environmental exposure, which is likely for structuralelements expected to utilise CFRP strengthening. Studies showed that CFRPsystems were capable of surviving conditions that are more severe than thoseexpected during their industrial life cycle. It can be concluded that CFRP canpotentially provide revolutionary rehabilitation performance for steelstructures, even under extreme environmental and loading scenarios." @default.
• W3159481882 created "2021-05-10" @default.
• W3159481882 creator A5042529428 @default.
• W3159481882 date "2017-02-15" @default.
• W3159481882 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W3159481882 title "Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Patched Steel under Fatigue Loading and Pre-exposure to Extreme Environmental Conditioning" @default.
• W3159481882 doi "https://doi.org/10.4225/03/58a3e78996905" @default.
• W3159481882 hasPublicationYear "2017" @default.
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