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- W3159507382 startingPage "3391" @default.
- W3159507382 abstract "Anewmethodologyisproposedtoidentifyfoldsofthedynamicaltropopause(takenasthe 2 potential vorticity (PV) units (pvu) isosurface) from global analysis data sets from theEuropean Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). It consists of a three-dimensional subdivision of the atmosphere into stratospheric and tropospheric parts and asubsequentexaminationofmultipletropopausecrossingsinverticalprofilesoftheanalyses.The method is applied to a 1-year period starting in March 2000. Seasonal mean foldfrequencydistributionsshowthatfoldsoccurpreferentiallyinthesubtropics,withmaximumfrequencies of about 30%. Pronounced maxima are located in the subtropical bands thatextend from 20 E to 120 E on both hemispheres during summer. Generally, subtropicalfolds are comparatively shallow. Deep folds occur most frequently in midlatitudes duringwinter (over eastern North America and the western North Atlantic), with maximumfrequenciesofabout1%.Detailedinvestigationoftherelationshipbetweenindividualfoldsand cross-tropopause exchange events reveals that, on the average, individual folds in theextratropics are associated with larger exchange mass fluxes compared to the subtropics.However,duetothemuchhigherfrequencyofsubtropicalfolds,thepercentageofexchangeevents that are associated with tropopause folds is larger near 20 –40 latitude (50–70%)thanfurtherpoleward(20–30%duringwinterand10–20%duringsummer).Thisindicatesthat tropopause folds are the key feature for cross-tropopause exchange in the subtropics,whereas in the extratropics other tropopause structures are at least of equal importance." @default.
- W3159507382 created "2021-05-10" @default.
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- W3159507382 date "2003-04-01" @default.
- W3159507382 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
- W3159507382 title "Tropopause folds and cross-tropopause exchange: A global investigation based upon ECMWF analyses for the time period March 2000 to February 2001" @default.
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