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• W316018518 abstract "Affirmative action is the latest front in today's right-wing assault on people of color and women in the U.S. As the battle heats up, it becomes clear that women of color can play a decisive role in defending this hard-on gain of the 1960s movements. In California and elsewhere in the United States today, right-wing forces hammer away at affirmative action -- the policy that says women, people of color, the disabled, and the elderly should have an equal opportunity get a job, be admitted college, or win a government contract. This policy urges that special efforts be made by employers and officials to level the playing field for qualified applicants (without having quotas, which are illegal in the U.S.). Affirmative action exists in other countries, such as India, and usually aims help national minorities, castes like the untouchables, and/or women. Forces led by the U.S. Right now claim that affirmative action discriminates -- against white men in particular. The attack is fierce and the danger is real. In 1996, California voters can expect see a law abolishing affirmative action on the ballot. On July 20, 1995, the University of California Regents voted abolish affirmative action in admissions and contracting despite strong protest. The U.S. Supreme Court, now dominated by conservatives, has also made several decisions that undermine affirmative action, like not reviewing the abolition of scholarship program for Black students last May. We can expect a major assault in the U.S. Congress later this year. If we look simply at the problems women face in hiring, the need for affirmative action in the U.S. leaps out.(1) Up now, an estimated six million women have benefited from this policy on the job. An estimated five million minorities have benefited; this figure includes women. No separate figures are available for women of color, an all-too-common oversight by the Census Bureau. In the California civil service, an area where women of color have often found work, the number of jobs held by minorities increased from 1978 1994: for African Americans from 8.3 11.8%, Latinos 7.7 16.8%, Asians 4.5 6.2%, and Filipinos 1.2 4.2% Not much -- but it is something. These kinds of gains could be erased by the attack on affirmative action. Information does exist for women of color who encounter the glass ceiling -- let's just call it solid rock -- that blocks access higher-status jobs. Women made up 33% of the officials and managers in major California companies in 1993; but only two percent were African American women and only 2.7% Latina women. A study by the Tomas Rivera Center in Claremont, California, showed that at the managerial level, the overall ratio of white men Chicana women was 81 1 in seven industries. In manufacturing, it was 226 1 for Chicanas and 99 1 for African American women. …" @default.
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• W316018518 date "1995-09-22" @default.
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• W316018518 title "Affirming Women's Rights" @default.
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