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- W3170293768 abstract "Theodor von Grotthuss (Figure 1; b. January 20, 1785, Geddutz, Kurland, now Gedučiai, Lithuania, d. March 26, 1822, Geddutz, Kurland, now Gedučiai, Lithuania) was a Lithuanian-born chemist of German ethnicity known for establishing the first theory of electrolysis in 1805 and formulating the first law of photochemistry in 1817. After Volta invented his electric battery (Voltaic pile), many scientists used it in various experiments including electrochemical studies, particularly related to electrolysis of aqueous solutions. Grotthuss actively contributed to this area both in terms of electrolysis experiments and particularly their interpretation. He proposed the mechanism of electric conductivity in water based on hopping of hydrogen ions (H+) from one water molecule to another one, finally generating a chain of the charge transfer, later named the “Grotthuss mechanism” (Figure 2). This first study, under the title “On Decomposition of Water and Substance Dissolved in It under the Action of Galvanic Electricity” published in French in Rome at the end of 1805, made him famous. Then, the results of Grotthuss’ experiments and theoretical considerations were published in different European journals in various languages. In addition to the water electrolysis, Grotthuss performed very first studies in organic electrochemistry. Grotthuss made important contributions to the analysis of photochemical processes. He established that only absorbed light causes chemical transformations. He also noticed the proportionality of the photochemical effect to the time of irradiation. While presently these conclusions can be considered as trivial, they were highly important and not obvious at his time. Important results of photochemical studies were also published by Grotthuss in 1815 in one of his earlier papers “On an Absorbent of Light and Some General Considerations Concerning the Phosphorescence and Colors”. The Grotthuss observation that the photochemical reactions are driven only by the absorbed light was independently rediscovered by John William Draper in 1842 and is known as the Grotthuss–Draper law. In addition to his major research in the areas of electrochemistry (particularly electrolysis) and photochemistry, Grotthuss studied combustion of gas mixtures, carried out in 1809–1812." @default.
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- W3170293768 date "2021-06-16" @default.
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- W3170293768 title "Electrochemical contributions: Christian Johann Dietrich (later Theodor) Grotthuss (1785‐1822)" @default.
- W3170293768 doi "https://doi.org/10.1002/elsa.202160006" @default.
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