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• W3170482017 abstract "HomePlant DiseaseVol. 105, No. 11Brown Leaf Spot of Juglans hybrid Caused by Ophiognomonia leptostyla in China PreviousNext DISEASE NOTE OPENOpen Access licenseBrown Leaf Spot of Juglans hybrid Caused by Ophiognomonia leptostyla in ChinaChunlin Yang, Feng Liu, Qian Zeng, Xiulan Xu, Yicong Lv, Feihu Wang, Chao Liu, Yu Deng, Xinyue Li, Hanbo Yang, and Yinggao LiuChunlin Yanghttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-3854-8835National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, ChinaSichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Feng LiuNational Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, ChinaSichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Qian Zenghttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6153-9462National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, ChinaSichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Xiulan Xuhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6832-5421National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, ChinaSichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, ChinaForestry Research Institute, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Yicong Lvhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-5190-8647National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, ChinaSichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Feihu WangNational Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, ChinaSichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Chao LiuNational Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, ChinaSichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Yu DengNational Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, ChinaSichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Xinyue LiNational Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, ChinaSichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, Hanbo YangNational Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, ChinaSichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author, and Yinggao Liu†Corresponding author: Y. G. Liu; E-mail Address: lyg927@263.netNational Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, ChinaSichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, ChinaSearch for more papers by this author AffiliationsAuthors and Affiliations Chunlin Yang1 2 Feng Liu1 2 Qian Zeng1 2 Xiulan Xu1 2 3 Yicong Lv1 2 Feihu Wang1 2 Chao Liu1 2 Yu Deng1 2 Xinyue Li1 2 Hanbo Yang1 2 Yinggao Liu1 2 † 1National Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Forest Resources Conservation and Ecological Safety on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China 2Sichuan Province Key Laboratory of Ecological Forestry Engineering on the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China 3Forestry Research Institute, Chengdu Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China Published Online:1 Nov 2021https://doi.org/10.1094/PDIS-05-21-0981-PDNAboutSectionsView articlePDFSupplemental ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditEmailWechat View article‘Chuanzao 2’ is a walnut variety derived from the hybridization of Juglans regia L. and J. sigillata Dode distributed in southwest China, where it is an economically important tree species in rural regions (Xiao et al. 2012). In April 2020, the variety in a walnut garden showed symptoms of brown leaf spot in Beishan Town (107°21′43.93″E, 31°28′12.34″N), Dazhou City in Sichuan, China, with 5 to 10% of leaves per plant affected (five plants). Symptomatic leaves showed brown to dark brown spots (2 to 5 mm) with a dark brown to black halo and grayish-tan center. The spots were subcircular to irregular in shape and gradually expanded and formed necrotic spots. A single conidium isolation was performed (Senanayake et al. 2020) and transferred to potato dextrose agar. Five isolates were obtained from five different infected leaves. Colonies of five isolates were subcircular, erose or dentate, flat or effuse, white initially, gradually becoming yellowish with white margins, developed and fluffy aerial mycelia, and conidiogenesis was produced underneath mycelia after 25 days of incubation. Conidiogenous cells were subcylindrical to cylindrical, or irregular in shape, and hyaline. Macroconidia were lunate, reniform, hyaline, basal cell bluntly rounded, apical cell with acute end, one-septate, rarely aseptate, sometimes slightly constricted at septum, basal cell equal or larger than apical cell, and measured 16.5 to 30.5 × 5 to 8.5 μm (mean = 23.2 × 6.3 μm, n = 50). Microconidia were not observed. These morphological characteristics resembled those of Ophiognomonia leptostyla (Fr.) Sogonov (Walker et al. 2012a). For molecular identification, genomic DNA (isolates SICAUCC 21-0008 and SICAUCC 21-0010) was extracted, and the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region, guanine nucleotide-binding protein subunit beta (MS204) gene, and translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α) were amplified and sequenced by using the primers ITS5/ITS4 (White et al. 1990), E1F1/E5R1a (Walker et al. 2012a), and EF1-728F/EF1-1567R (Walker et al. 2012b), respectively. Phylogenetic analyses (maximum likelihood) based on a combined dataset showed 100% bootstrap support values in a clade with O. leptostyla. The sequences of ITS, MS204, and tef1-α genes were deposited in GenBank with accession numbers MW493111/MZ026300, MW495270/MZ031975, and MW495271/MZ031974, respectively. To fulfill Koch’s postulates, five healthy hybrid plants (2 to 3 years old) with five to eight leaves per plant were spray inoculated with conidium suspensions (104 conidia/ml; isolate SICAUCC 21-0008) prepared from 40-day-old cultures onto the wounded sites via pinprick inoculation. Similarly, five noninoculated plants sprayed with sterile water served as controls. Plants were placed in a growth chamber at 25°C on a 12-h fluorescent light/dark regime and sprayed daily with sterile distilled water. After 2 weeks, observed symptoms were similar to those from natural infections. No disease symptoms were found on control plants. The fungus O. leptostyla was reisolated from the diseased leaves and characterized morphologically. O. leptostyla is a global pathogen and has been reported to cause the leaf spot in many walnut trees, namely, J. ailantifolia, J. californica, J. cinerea, J. major, and so on. To our knowledge, this is the first report of O. leptostyla causing brown leaf spot on Juglans hybrid (J. regia × J. sigillata) in China. The increasing risk of this pathogen in the walnut-growing areas of Sichuan Province of China needs a further exploration and outreach effort to develop effective control measures.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.References:Senanayake, I. C., et al. 2020. Mycosphere 11:2678. https://doi.org/10.5943/mycosphere/11/1/20 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWalker, D. M., et al. 2012a. Mol. Phylogenet. Evol. 64:500. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2012.05.005 Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWalker, D. M., et al. 2012b. Fungal Divers. 57:85. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13225-012-0200-y Crossref, ISI, Google ScholarWhite, T. J., et al. 1990. Page 315 in: PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications. Academic Press, San Diego, CA. Google ScholarXiao, Q.-W., et al. 2012. Acta Hortic. Sin. 39:2317. Google ScholarC. L. Yang, F. Liu, and Q. Zeng contributed equally to this paper.The author(s) declare no conflict of interest.DetailsFiguresLiterature CitedRelated Vol. 105, No. 11 November 2021SubscribeISSN:0191-2917e-ISSN:1943-7692 DownloadCaptionFoliar mottling and interveinal yellowing symptoms on melon leaves in the Central Valley of California (S. Mondal et al.). Photo credit: W. M. Wintermantel. Improved wheat plant growth in Pratylenchus neglectus infested soil by applying aldicarb at the time of planting (R. W. Smiley et al.). Photo credit: R. W. Smiley. Mosaic and feathery mottle on taro foliage caused by dasheen mosaic virus (C. Escalante et al.). Photo credit: R. A. Valverde. Metrics Downloaded 492 times Article History Issue Date: 11 Jan 2022Published: 1 Nov 2021First Look: 7 Jun 2021Accepted: 4 Jun 2021 Page: 3740 Information© 2021 The American Phytopathological SocietyKeywordsfungitreestree nutsOphiognomonia leptostylaThe author(s) declare no conflict of interest.PDF download" @default.
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• W3170482017 title "Brown Leaf Spot of <i>Juglans hybrid</i> Caused by <i>Ophiognomonia leptostyla</i> in China" @default.
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