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• W3170586738 abstract "Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is a ubiquitous human γ-herpesvirus, that infects 90-95% of adults worldwide ( Cohen, 2000 Cohen JI. Epstein-Barr virus infection. N Engl J Med. 2000; 343: 481-492 Crossref PubMed Scopus (1222) Google Scholar ). EBV infection is also one of the most well-established environmental risk factors for the subsequent development of multiple sclerosis (MS). A causal role for EBV in MS is supported by several key immunological and epidemiological studies ( Warner and RI, 1981 Warner HB RI Carp Multiple sclerosis and Epstein-Barr virus. Lancet. 1981; 2: 1290 Abstract PubMed Scopus (81) Google Scholar , Thacker et al., 2006 Thacker EL Mirzaei F Ascherio A Infectious mononucleosis and risk for multiple sclerosis: a meta-analysis. Ann Neurol. 2006; 59: 499-503 Crossref PubMed Scopus (346) Google Scholar , Levin et al., 2010 Levin LI Munger KL O'Reilly EJ Falk KI Ascherio A Primary infection with the Epstein-Barr virus and risk of multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 2010; 67: 824-830 PubMed Google Scholar , Munger et al., 2011 Munger KL Levin LI O'Reilly EJ Falk KI Ascherio A Anti-Epstein-Barr virus antibodies as serological markers of multiple sclerosis: a prospective study among United States military personnel. Mult Scler. 2011; 17: 1185-1193 Crossref PubMed Scopus (131) Google Scholar , Dobson et al., 2017 Dobson R Kuhle J Middeldorp J phenomenon? Giovannoni G.Epstein-Barr-negative MS: a true Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm. 2017; 4: e318 Crossref PubMed Scopus (21) Google Scholar ) that arguably fulfill the Bradford-Hill criteria for causality except for one – experiment. This criterion could be met by demonstrating that an anti-EBV agent or an EBV vaccine reduces the incidence of MS, or modifies the progression of disease in established MS. Several promising EBV vaccines are currently in the early phases of preclinical development; however, it will likely take several years of clinical development before these vaccines are widely available ( Cohen, 2018 Cohen JI. Vaccine Development for Epstein-Barr Virus. Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018; 1045: 477-493 Crossref PubMed Scopus (42) Google Scholar , van Zyl et al., 2019 van Zyl DG Mautner J HJ Delecluse Progress in EBV Vaccines. Front Oncol. 2019; 9: 104 Crossref PubMed Scopus (33) Google Scholar ). A sterilizing anti-EBV vaccine has the potential to eliminate not just MS but also Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin and non-Hodgkin lymphoma and nasopharyngeal cancer – as well as infectious mononucleosis ( Rolls et al., 2010 Rolls AE Giovannoni G Constantinescu CS Boniface D Hawkes CH. Multiple sclerosis, lymphoma and nasopharyngeal carcinoma: the central role of Epstein-Barr virus?. Eur Neurol. 2010; 63: 29-35 Crossref PubMed Scopus (8) Google Scholar ). In the meantime, it may be possible to answer mechanistic questions concerning the role of EBV in MS by focusing on antiviral drugs. If an anti-EBV therapy were to be clinically effective in MS in the absence of immunosuppression, this would not only cement the causal relationship between EBV and MS, but would also clarify the mechanistic underpinnings of MS pathogenesis and suggest novel therapeutic avenues for future drug development." @default.
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• W3170586738 date "2021-07-01" @default.
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• W3170586738 title "Probing the association between Multiple Sclerosis and Epstein Barr Virus from a therapeutic perspective" @default.
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• W3170586738 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.msard.2021.103087" @default.
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