Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W3174617961> ?p ?o ?g. }
- W3174617961 endingPage "892" @default.
- W3174617961 startingPage "875" @default.
- W3174617961 abstract "Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a chronic pain condition often involving hyperalgesia and allodynia of the extremities. CRPS is divided into CRPS-I and CRPS-II. Type I occurs when there is no confirmed nerve injury. Type II is when there is known associated nerve injury. Female gender is a risk factor for developing CRPS. Other risk factors include fibromyalgia and rheumatoid arthritis. Unfortunately, the pathogenesis of CRPS is not yet clarified. Some studies have demonstrated different potential pathways. Neuropathic inflammation, specifically activation of peripheral nociceptors of C-fibers, has been shown to play a critical role in developing CRPS. The autonomic nervous system (ANS) is involved. Depending on whether it is acute or chronic CRPS, norepinephrine levels are either decreased or increased, respectively. Some studies have suggested the importance of genetics in developing CRPS. More consideration is being given to the role of psychological factors. Some association between a history of depression and/or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and the diagnosis of CRPS has been demonstrated. Treatment modalities available range from physical therapy, pharmacotherapy, and interventional techniques. Physical and occupational therapies include mirror therapy and graded motor imagery. Medical management with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has not shown significant improvement. There have been supporting findings in the use of short-course steroids, bisphosphonates, gabapentin, and ketamine. Antioxidant treatment has also shown some promise. Other pharmacotherapies include low-dose naltrexone and Botulinum toxin A (BTX-A). Sympathetic blocks are routinely used, even if their short- and long-term effects are not clear. Finally, spinal cord stimulation (SCS) has been used for decades. In conclusion, CRPS is a multifactorial condition that still requires further studying to better understand its pathogenesis, epidemiology, genetic involvement, psychological implications, and treatment options. Future studies are warranted to better understand this syndrome. This will provide an opportunity for better prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CRPS." @default.
- W3174617961 created "2021-07-05" @default.
- W3174617961 creator A5014876140 @default.
- W3174617961 creator A5019859846 @default.
- W3174617961 creator A5024942440 @default.
- W3174617961 creator A5025610405 @default.
- W3174617961 creator A5045164048 @default.
- W3174617961 creator A5075751019 @default.
- W3174617961 creator A5078251206 @default.
- W3174617961 creator A5081091510 @default.
- W3174617961 creator A5081627976 @default.
- W3174617961 creator A5082161030 @default.
- W3174617961 date "2021-06-24" @default.
- W3174617961 modified "2023-10-06" @default.
- W3174617961 title "Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Comprehensive Review" @default.
- W3174617961 cites W1409549508 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W1524878638 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W1525335330 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W1553043283 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W1581639643 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W1607364964 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W1861437327 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W1892003845 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W1979149505 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2000827897 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2011716271 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2014779151 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2015477988 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2028242763 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2038050499 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2060658170 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2067289780 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2080547244 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2088795854 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2091629304 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2101908945 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2105152715 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2112074033 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2115534692 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2120227293 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2124794717 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2126241051 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2137232129 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2139610279 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2143077460 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2145726539 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2147812749 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2163345643 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2164867056 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2174041880 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2199259578 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2237182529 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2248027837 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2295723250 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2343107186 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2409078925 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2422912663 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2515452340 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2521627406 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2552322702 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2564952377 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2573756304 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2585775023 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2588319336 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2593582572 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2599673909 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2605923849 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2607497222 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2615380007 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2734580406 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2759359680 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2763618751 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2770429776 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2786388000 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2786847347 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2789775171 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2789792534 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2789960335 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2792702079 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2793008665 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2800331539 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2800585341 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2807290966 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2811203741 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2884944311 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2888711096 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2897287236 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2898086180 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2904859467 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2911814371 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2918198082 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2924738790 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2934010911 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2939426817 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2942544765 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2944110831 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2946612288 @default.
- W3174617961 cites W2946926926 @default.