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- W3174695296 abstract "Graben calderas are volcano-tectonic structures that use the faults of a graben as main vents from which magma is massively erupted from a shallow magma chamber during collapse of intra-graben blocks. These eruptions are generally silicic and explosive and form large volume ignimbrite sheets without a previous Plinian major depressurization event. Graben calderas can be associated to tectonic settings ranging from pure extension to strike-slip transtension, including complete grabens, half-grabens or pull-apart grabens. The Sierra Madre Occidental (SMO) in western Mexico includes several of these graben type calderas with the corresponding large volume ignimbrite sheets that result from fissure type eruptions along the graben's border and interior faults. The Bolaños graben constitutes one of the best examples of these tectonically controlled collapse calderas and is the second largest caldera of the world after Toba caldera. It is a 90 × 25 km rectangular caldera and the vent of the 25.37 ± 0.36 Ma silicic Alacrán ignimbrite, with a minimum Dense Rock Equivalent volume of 2650 km3 (3800 km3 rock volume). Post-collapse silicic domes were emplaced just after the Alacrán ignimbrite from 25.02 ± 0.33 Ma to 23.94 ± 0.33 Ma, with a total minimum lava volume of 171 km3. Both ignimbrite and domes account for at least 2800 km3 rhyolitic magma output from Bolaños graben caldera, without considering the distal deposits, and in particular the co-ignimbrite ash-cloud deposit. We describe the characteristics of the Bolaños graben caldera focusing on its major products, the Alacrán ignimbrite and the post-collapse dome volcanism, providing the geological frame of the Bolaños graben area documented with 40Ar-39Ar ages. We finally propose a conceptual model to explain the dynamics of the Bolaños graben that can be applied to other similar volcano-tectonic depressions of the Sierra Madre Occidental and elsewhere in the world with similar geological settings." @default.
- W3174695296 created "2021-07-05" @default.
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- W3174695296 date "2021-09-01" @default.
- W3174695296 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W3174695296 title "Graben type calderas: The Bolaños case, Sierra Madre Occidental, Mexico" @default.
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- W3174695296 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2021.107315" @default.
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