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- W3176030652 abstract "The urge to apply nanotechnology in agriculture arises due to the increasing human population and decreasing farmland fertility. To combat nutrient deficiency, fertilizers fortify plants requiring nutrients. Nevertheless, sometimes roots are unable to absorb the nutrients and translocate, due to the small pore size. It is therefore pertinent to implement smart materials that serve as nutrient carriers to soil and target release of nutrients in plants. Nanomaterials behave as nanofertilizers by either acting as nutrients themselves or as nutrient carriers. Nanofertilizers together with fortifying soil also facilitate the nutrient uptake in plants through nanometric pores. The nanoparticles reach the leaves by penetrating through the cell membrane and cell wall of the root epidermis via capillary forces, osmotic pressure, and cell wall pores through plasmodesmata connections and/or by symplastic routes. The nanoparticles enter a seed via parenchymatous intercellular spaces present in the seed coat. These nanomaterials perform various actions in the soil as well as plants, for example, single-walled carbon nanotubes improve the crop germination rate. Multiwalled carbon nanotubes, on the other hand, facilitate the absorption of nitrogen and phosphorus in wastewater and delivery to crops. Graphene, in moderate quantities, improves seed water content. Nanozeolites which act as macro- and micronutrient carriers are known to improve the quality of the soil. TiO2 nanoparticles speed up the seed germination process by promoting oxygen and water penetration into the seed capsules. The complex nature of nano–bio–eco interactions limits their behavior monitoring in soil. The potentially hazardous nature of nanoparticles also arises from the fact that their residues might cause bioaccumulation in the environment and food chain. Therefore a holistic approach is required to understand their interaction with the plant–soil-environment and eventually in the food chain. In this book chapter, we focus on the synthesis of various nanomaterials and their interactions with soil and plants systems." @default.
- W3176030652 created "2021-07-05" @default.
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- W3176030652 date "2021-01-01" @default.
- W3176030652 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W3176030652 title "Nanotechnology-based biofortification: a plant–soil interaction modulator/enhancer" @default.
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- W3176030652 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-323-90943-3.00022-5" @default.
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