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- W3176160216 abstract "Abstract Background The 2018 Camp Fire, which destroyed 18,804 structures in northern California, including most of the town of Paradise, provided an opportunity to investigate vegetation and housing factors associated with home loss and determine whether California's 2008 adoption of exterior building codes for homes in the wildland-urban-interface (WUI) improved survival. We randomly sampled single-family homes constructed: before 1997, 1997 to 2007, and 2008 to 2018, the latter two time periods being before and after changes to the building code. We then quantified the nearby overstory canopy cover and the distance to the nearest destroyed home and structure from aerial imagery. Using post-fire photographs, we also assessed fire damage and assigned a cause for damaged but not destroyed homes. Results Homes built prior to 1997 fared poorly, with only 11.5% surviving, compared with 38.5% survival for homes built in 1997 and after. The difference in survival percentage for homes built immediately before and after the adoption of Chap. 7A in the California Building Code (37% and 44%, respectively), was not statistically significant. Distance to nearest destroyed structure, number of structures destroyed within 100 m, and overstory canopy cover within 100 m of the home were the strongest predictors of survival, but significant interactions with the construction time period suggested that factors contributing to survival differed for homes of different ages. Homes > 18 from a destroyed structure and in areas with overstory canopy cover within 30–100 m of the home of < 53% survived at a substantially higher rate. Most fire damage to surviving homes resulted from radiant heat from nearby burning structures or flame impingement from ignition of near-home combustible materials. Conclusions Strong associations between distance to nearest destroyed structure and vegetation within 100 m and home survival in the Camp Fire indicates building and vegetation modifications are possible that would substantially improve outcomes. Among those include improvements to windows and siding in closest proximity to neighboring structures, treatment of wildland fuels, and eliminating near-home combustibles, especially in areas closest to the home (0-1.5 m)." @default.
- W3176160216 created "2021-07-05" @default.
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- W3176160216 date "2021-06-21" @default.
- W3176160216 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W3176160216 title "Factors associated with single-family home survival in the 2018 Camp Fire, California" @default.
- W3176160216 doi "https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-580864/v1" @default.
- W3176160216 hasPublicationYear "2021" @default.
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