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• W3176567296 abstract "Polymernanocomposites are envisioned for use in many advanced applications, such asstructural industries, aerospace, automotive technology and electronicmaterials, due to the improved properties like mechanical strengthening,thermal and chemical stability, easy bulk processing, and/or light-weightinstigated by the filler-matrix combination compared to the neat matrix. Inrecent years, due to increasing environmental concerns, many industries areinclining towards developing sustainable and renewable polymer nanocomposites.Cellulose nanomaterials (CNs), including cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) andcellulose nanofibrils (CNFs), have gained popularity due to their excellentmechanical properties and eco-friendliness (extracted from trees, algae, plantsetc.). However, to develop CN-reinforced nanocomposites with industrialapplications it is necessary to understand impact of hygroscopic swelling(which has very limited quantitative study at present),aspect ratio, orientation, and content of CNs on the overall performance ofnanocomposites; and overcome the low dispersibility of CNs and improve theircompatibility with hydrophobic matrix. In this work, we attempt to understandthe influence of single nanocrystals in the hygroscopic and optical responseexhibited by nanostructured films; effect of CNCs on the properties of PVA/CNCfibers by experimental evidence with mathematical modeling predictions; andhydrophobized CNFs using a facile, aqueous surface modification to improveinterfacial compatibility with epoxy. To evaluate the effect of CNCalignment in the bulk response to hygroscopic expansion, self-organized andshear-oriented CNC films were prepared under two different mechanisms. The coefficient of hygroscopic swelling (CHS)of these films was determined by using a new contact-free method of ContrastEnhanced Microscopy Digital Image Correlation (CEMDIC) that enabled thecharacterization of dimensional changes induced by hygroscopic swelling of thefilms. This method can be readily used for other soft materials to accuratelymeasure hygroscopic strain in a non-destructive way. By calculating the CHSvalues of CNC films, it was determined that hygroscopic swelling is highlydependent on the alignment of nanocrystals within the films, with aligned CNCfilms showing dramatically reduced hygroscopic expansion than randomly orientedfilms. Finite element analysis was used to simulate moisture sorption and kineticsprofile which further predicted moisture diffusion as the predominant mechanismfor swelling of CNC films. To study the effects of different typesand aspect ratios of CNCs on mechanical, thermal and morphological propertiesof polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) composite fibers, CNCsextracted from wood pulp and cotton were reinforced into PVA to produce fibersby dry-jet-wet spinning. The fibers were collected as-spun and with first stagedrawing up to draw ratio 2. The elastic modulus and tensile strength of thefibers improved with increasing CNC content (5 – 15 wt. %) at the expense oftheir strain-to-failure. The mechanical propertiesof fibers with cotton CNC were higher than the fibers with wood CNC when thesame amount of CNCs were added due to their higher aspect ratio. The degree of orientation along the spun fiber axiswas quantified by 2D X-ray diffraction. As expected, theCNC orientation correlates to the mechanical properties of the composite fibers.Micromechanical models were used to predict the fiber performance and comparewith experimental results. Finally, surface and cross-sectional morphologies offibers were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy.To improve thedispersibility and compatibility of CNFs with epoxy, CNFs were modified byusing a two-step water-based method where tannic acid (TA) acts as a primerwith CNF suspension and reacts with hexadecylamine (HDA), forming the modifiedproduct as CNF-TA-HDA. The modified (-m) and unmodified (-um) CNFs were filledinto hydrophobic epoxy resin with a co-solvent (acetone), which wassubsequently removed to form a solvent-free two component epoxy system,followed by addition of hardener to cure the resin. Better dispersion andstronger adhesion between fillers and epoxy were obtained for m-CNF than theum-CNF, resulting in better mechanical properties of nanocomposites at the sameloading. Thermal stability and the degradation temperature of m-CNF/epoxy improvedwhen compared to neat epoxy." @default.
• W3176567296 created "2021-07-05" @default.
• W3176567296 creator A5079747211 @default.
• W3176567296 date "2019-06-11" @default.
• W3176567296 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W3176567296 title "Effect of nanocellulose reinforcement on the properties of polymer composites" @default.
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