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- W317725312 abstract "Bipolar (manic-depressive) disorder is a severe syndrome involving episodic shifts of mood into mania or depression, with variations in severity, frequency, clinical presentation, and complexity of episodes. Associated risks are high rates of psychosis, anxiety syndromes, and substance abuse. Mortality is increased due to suicide, accidents, and medical complications of substance abuse, as well as stress-sensitive medical disorders. Lifetime prevalence for relatively severe cases is probably more than 2% of the general population, affecting men and women similarly; half of cases begin before age 20. There is a strong familial predisposition but no identified genetics or etiology. Mania sometimes arises in association with neuromedical disorders or reactions to drugs. The long-term course is quite predictable in individuals from early morbidity patterns, but unpredictable across patients. Treatment of mania involves antipsychotics, anticonvulsants, or sedative medicines for mania. Treatment of bipolar depression remains unsatisfactory and the place of antidepressants in such treatments remains controversial. Long-term maintenance treatment with lithium salts or certain anticonvulsants seeks to avoid recurrences, with only partial control, especially of depression. Psychosocial and rehabilitative interventions also are useful components of comprehensive care." @default.
- W317725312 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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- W317725312 date "2015-01-01" @default.
- W317725312 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W317725312 title "Bipolar (Manic-Depressive) Disorder" @default.
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- W317725312 doi "https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.27008-6" @default.
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