Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W3178235556> ?p ?o ?g. }
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- W3178235556 abstract "Active and passive microwave characteristics of diurnal soil freeze-thaw transitions and their relationships are crucial for developing retrieval algorithms of the soil liquid water content ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$theta _{mathrm {liq}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) and freeze/thaw state, which, however, have been less explored. This study investigates these microwave characteristics and relationships via analysis of ground-based measurements of brightness temperature ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$T_{B}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) and backscattering coefficients ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$sigma ^{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) in combination with simulations performed with the Tor Vergata discrete radiative transfer model. Both an L-band (1.4 GHz) radiometer ELBARA-III and a wide-band (1–10 GHz) scatterometer are installed in a seasonally frozen Tibetan meadow ecosystem to measure diurnal variations of <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$T_{B}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and copolarized <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$sigma ^{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> at both hh ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$sigma _{mathrm {hh}}^{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) and vv ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$sigma _{mathrm {vv}}^{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) polarizations. Analysis of measurements collected between December 2017 and March 2018 shows that 1) diurnal cycles are observed in both <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$T_{B}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$sigma ^{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> due to the change in surface <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$theta _{mathrm {liq}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> caused by diurnal soil freeze-thaw transitions; 2) a negatively linear relationship is found between <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$e$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$sigma ^{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> regardless of frequency, polarization combinations, and observation angles; 3) slopes ( <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$beta$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ) of linearly fit equations between <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$e^{H}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$sigma _{mathrm {hh}}^{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> decrease with increasing observation angles of ELBARA-III, while the ones between <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$e^{V}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$sigma _{mathrm {vv}}^{mathrm {0 {}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> increase with increasing observation angles; and 4) correlations between <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$e$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$sigma ^{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> increase with decreasing microwave frequency of <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$sigma ^{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> measurements and ELBARA-III observation angles, and magnitudes of diurnal <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$sigma ^{0}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> cycles also increase with decreasing microwave frequency. Moreover, the calibrated Tor Vergata model shows capability to reproduce both diurnal <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$e$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and <inline-formula xmlns:mml=http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML xmlns:xlink=http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink> <tex-math notation=LaTeX>$sigma ^{mathrm {0 {}}}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> variations as well as to quantify their relationships at different frequencies and observation angles." @default.
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- W3178235556 date "2022-01-01" @default.
- W3178235556 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W3178235556 title "Active and Passive Microwave Signatures of Diurnal Soil Freeze-Thaw Transitions on the Tibetan Plateau" @default.
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- W3178235556 doi "https://doi.org/10.1109/tgrs.2021.3092411" @default.
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