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• W3178996462 abstract "headaches are common in children. The most common causes of headaches among children are tiredness, short-sightedness, viral fever, sinusitis, genetic predisposition and psychosocial stressors. It is rarely also the presenting symptom of a more serious disorder such as trauma, and an intracranial mass, a metabolic or vascular disease. Headaches significantly affect the lives of children and adolescents with an impact in school presence, decreased activities, and also poor academic achievement. Most headaches are benign primary headaches, and include migraine, tension-type headache which are the most common primary headaches and, less often, cluster headache. Migraines can also be triggered by bright light, loud noises, weather changes and the menstrual cycle, experience of stress. Primary headaches are not associated with mortality, while that association in secondary headaches depends purely on the underlying cause. The frequency of headache in children vary among authors reported throughout the medical literature. A detailed patient history and clinical neurological examination should seek to differentiate between primary and secondary headache and identify any ―red flags‖ indicating signs that are implying for a headache secondary to a more serious condition., that is also crucial to their treatment. Imaging studies are reported to be completely normal in most of the children with headaches. Meanwhile, is crucial for children with headache to be referred for neuroimaging if any of the known ―red flags‖ is noted. Magnetic resonance (MRI) is the imaging test of choice, but children should be referred for computerized tomography (CT) if bleeding or fracture is suspected. A lumbar puncture should be performed if a subarachnoid hemorrhage is suspected. Electroencephalography (EEG) is not indicated unless seizures occurred or are suspected. Benign primary headaches often can be prevented by maintaining good and regular sleep, having a regular eating schedule, drinking adequate fluids, avoiding caffeinated drinks and avoiding triggers. Migraine and tension-type headache often can be treated effectively with medications such as acetaminophen/ibuprofen or migraine-specific medications from the triptan group such as almotriptan, rizatriptan and sumatriptan. Preventive treatment should be considered if headaches are interrupting and/or if abortive medications are becoming less effective. Vitamin B2 and magnesium is reported to be useful in headache prevention. Effective is also reported to be and cognitive behavioral therapy, biofeedback and acupuncture. Aim: To review the literature and summarize the knowledge regarding clinical features, diagnosis and management of primary and secondary headaches in children and adolescents. This article reviews the epidemiology and etiology of headaches in children, signs and symptoms of headaches, definitions of childhood headaches, and options for management of both acute and chronic pediatric migraine" @default.
• W3178996462 created "2021-07-19" @default.
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• W3178996462 date "2021-04-15" @default.
• W3178996462 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W3178996462 title "PEDIATRIC HEADACHES: TYPES, CLINICAL FEATURES, DIAGNOSIS AND MANAGEMNET, A LITERATURE REVIEW" @default.
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