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• W3179671112 abstract "Abstract Gastric electrical stimulation (GES) is a bioelectric intervention for gastroparesis, obesity, and other functional gastrointestinal disorders. In a potential mechanism of action, GES activates the nerve endings of vagal afferent neurons and induces the vago-vagal reflex through the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) in the brainstem. However, it is unclear where and how to stimulate in order to optimize the vagal afferent responses. To address this question with electrophysiology in rats, we applied mild electrical currents to two serosal targets on the distal forestomach with dense distributions of vagal intramuscular arrays that innervated the circular and longitudinal smooth muscle layers. During stimulation, we recorded single and multi-unit responses in NTS and evaluated how the recorded responses depended on the stimulus orientation and amplitude. We found that NTS responses were highly selective to the stimulus orientation for a range of stimulus amplitudes. The strongest responses were observed when the applied current flowed in the same direction as the intramuscular arrays in parallel with the underlying smooth muscle fibers. Our results suggest that gastric neurons in NTS may encode the orientation-specific activity of gastric smooth muscles relayed by vagal afferent neurons. This finding suggests that the orientation of GES is critical to effective engagement of vagal afferents and should be considered in light of the structural phenotypes of vagal terminals in the stomach. Significance Statement The brain monitors and regulates the stomach in part through vagal neural pathways. Although there has been increasing progress describing the structural phenotypes of vagal projections to the stomach, very little is known about the specific gastric information transmitted to and encoded by the brain. In this study, we report that gastric neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius encode the orientation-specific activity of gastric smooth muscles. This neural code is relayed through vagal afferent neurons with their nerve terminals along circular or longitudinal muscle fibers. This finding provides a critical foundation for understanding gastric interoception. It brings up a new consideration that the orientation of gastric electrical stimulation is critical to engaging vagal afferent pathways for modulating gastric functions." @default.
• W3179671112 created "2021-07-19" @default.
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• W3179671112 date "2021-07-11" @default.
• W3179671112 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W3179671112 title "Neurons in the Nucleus Tractus Solitarius are Selective to the Orientation of Gastric Electrical Stimulation" @default.
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• W3179671112 doi "https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.07.09.451818" @default.
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