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• W3181123511 abstract "The Sonian Forest (Central Belgium) currently covers an area of about 4400 ha. It is part of the EC Natura 2000 network of protected areas and has been certified with the FSC-label. In 2017, parts of the forest have been included in UNESCO’s List of World Heritage “Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe”.Interestingly, and seemingly contradictory, the Sonian Forest preserves an undisturbed and extremely vast archive of its (pre)historical exploitation by man, and intensive iron and charcoal production in particular. So far, the chronology of these features has been entirely based on 14C-dating of charcoal from above-ground kilns. Most of these ages indicate post-1650 CE charcoal production, a period over which 14C is of little use. This implies a major gap in our understanding of the chronological order of events and activities during the past couple of centuries.This study investigates the potential of Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) dating to establish chronologies for post-1650 CE features with a high temporal resolution. The methodology uses sand-sized quartz extracted from sediments that were heated as a result of charcoal production and iron extraction, in combination with the single-aliquot regenerative-dose (SAR protocol). We first document the luminescence characteristics (such as signal intensity, dose response, and a variety of procedural tests) and completeness of resetting. We address potential problems associated with the (near)surficial position of the investigated features in terms of post-depositional processes and calculation of the dose rate. As a test of accuracy, the obtained quartz SAR-OSL ages are compared with 14C-dates for multiple pre-1650 CE charcoal kilns and roasting places. Finally, the approach is applied to post-1650 CE features as an illustration of its potential. We discuss the time-resolution that can be achieved for distinguishing between discrete periods of charcoal and iron production, and/or assessing duration and continuity. We conclude that OSL signals from heated sedimentary quartz hold considerable potential for dating the remains of past natural resource exploitation in the Sonian Forest, and for features that are not older than a few hundred years in particular. This, in turn, adds to our understanding of the ecological evolution of the forest and its importance for local subsistence economy. In addition, our study provides a firm methodological framework for addressing the chronometric issues pertaining to the vast number of similar structures that are archived within the loamy forest soils of Northwest and Central Europe." @default.
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• W3181123511 date "2019-01-01" @default.
• W3181123511 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
• W3181123511 title "Optical dating of past charcoal and iron production in the Sonian Forest (Belgium)" @default.
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