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- W3183535370 abstract "Abstract The parameterization of cloud entrainment rate has been problematic for many years, hindering the accurate representation of convective processes in large‐scale models. Here, we extend our previous work on individual shallow convection to ensemble deep convection. Entrainment rate is estimated based on three‐dimensional convective clouds from August 19 to 20, 1999, during the Kwajalein Experiment, simulated using a high‐resolution cloud‐resolving model. They are found to be negatively correlated with both vertical velocity and buoyancy, and positively correlated with the vertical divergence of the vertical velocity and with the reciprocal of cloud radii. The physical mechanisms underlying these relationships are interpreted. It is found that the parameterizations with multiple properties perform better than those with a single property. Entrainment rate and relative humidity of entrained air are positively correlated at temperature higher than 0°C, but negatively correlated at temperature lower than 0°C. Relative humidity is also included in the parameterization of entrainment rate, which differs from our previous work on shallow cumulus clouds and other studies. Finally, two forms of parameterization for entrainment rate are recommended. The first treats the entrainment rate as a function of the vertical velocity and buoyancy for temperature higher than 0°C, but as a function of relative humidity and buoyancy for temperature lower than 0°C. The second involves an equation that relates entrainment rate to vertical velocity and buoyancy regardless of temperature." @default.
- W3183535370 created "2021-08-02" @default.
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- W3183535370 date "2021-08-03" @default.
- W3183535370 modified "2023-10-15" @default.
- W3183535370 title "Factors Affecting Entrainment Rate in Deep Convective Clouds and Parameterizations" @default.
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- W3183535370 doi "https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jd034881" @default.
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