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• W318960696 abstract "Servants of the Sharia: The Civil Register of the Qadi's Court of Brava 1893-1900. Edited by Alessandra Vianello and Mohamed M. Kassim. African Sources for African History Volume 6. Leiden: Brill, 2006. Volume I: Pp. xviii, 1-1169, 24 illustrations; Volume II: Pp. vii. 1172-2185, 10 appendices, glossary, bibliography, general index, index of names. $99.00/euro99 paper. A significant theme in medieval history was the rise of merchant city-states amidst a variety of fundamentally different and not always sympathetic surrounding societies. The Swahili towns of the East African littoral are good examples, and careful examination reveals both their need to interact positively with their alien hinterlands and the imperative of maintaining a cautiously distinct cultural identity. The South Somali coast community of Brava preserved its own Bantu language (Chimini) and preferred way of doing things long after the medieval trade diasporas that gave it birth had been absorbed by larger and vastly more potent modern historical trends. One such force, during the nineteenth century, was the Zanzibar sultanate that claimed and lightly administered the Banadir ports of which Brava was one. New trade during the century brought both prosperity and vulnerabilities, while widened Islamic horizons and passions too had positive and problematic aspects. At century's end, however, European interests gnawed at Zanzibar's influence, and Brava fell into a zone dominated informally and tenuously by Italy. For the seven years from 1893 to 1900, as the ambiguous transition from Zanzibari overlordship to Italian colonial rule began, a series of five local Islamic judges in Brava created records in Arabic, ostensibly according to the shari'a, for the Italian authorities. The work reviewed here offers Arabic texts and English translations of almost 2,000 of these civil court records-those that have survived. With the support of an insightful historical and social introduction and helpful appendices and indices, these records offer unparalleled insight into the internal workings of the community of Brava on the eve of its final subordination to the outside world. The present reviewer, through introducing the various types of records, will also venture some ideas concerning how these invaluable primary sources might conceivably serve subsequent interpretive historiography. In the years from 1893 to 1900 the town of Brava had a population estimated at 4000 or 5,000 souls. Therefore the approximately 3,000 names that appear in the records, though not all were townsmen, may nevertheless in the wider context of precolonial African historiography be accepted as an unusually comprehensive sample of traditional community life. Given the conventions of naming in the Islamic world, moreover, most of these primary entries in the index of personal names contain also the names of one or numerous forbears. This evidence invites the reconstruction of Brava families through nominal record linkage over at least three generations; in other words, a significant part of the city population throughout the last half of the nineteenth century lies embedded in the names current during the period 1893-1900. Further examination would expose some of the internal dynamics of community politics through the conduct of marital and commercial relations among small or extended native families. By far the most common genre of record was the public acknowledgement of indebtedness (pp. 61-62), sometimes secured by collateral or the support of a third party, and sometimes stipulating a schedule of repayment. The community thus derived some of its cohesion from the complicated network of mutual financial obligations undertaken by so many of its members. Further, this network imposed a structure of obligation upon the community through time; although some loans were repayable upon demand many, and conspicuously most of the biggest, were intended to extend over many years or even decades. …" @default.
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• W318960696 date "2006-09-01" @default.
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