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• W3191436611 abstract "No AccessJun 2021Korea, India, and China: Investing outward helped digital firms develop and compete globallyAuthors/Editors: Maximilian Philip Eltgen, Yan Liu, Victor SteenbergenMaximilian Philip EltgenSearch for more papers by this author, Yan LiuSearch for more papers by this author, Victor SteenbergenSearch for more papers by this authorhttps://doi.org/10.1596/978-1-4648-1683-3_ch10AboutView ChaptersFull TextPDF (0.8 MB) ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareFacebookTwitterLinked In Abstract: Highlights the integration and upgrading in the digital economy global value chain (GVC) in three countries—the Republic of Korea, India, and China. Two elements critical to a country’s participation in the high-value added segments of the digital economy GVC include outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) and human capital and research and development (R&D) capacity. All three countries tapped into their own large pools of graduates in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) areas and successfully established domestic industries. Leading domestic companies, pushed by competitive pressure from foreign investors when inward FDI was liberalized, invested overseas to explore new markets and compete internationally. Korea and China also invested determinedly in R&D and provided proactive government support for OFDI using a combination of financial and fiscal measures, provision of information, development assistance programs, and international investment agreements; India established software technology parks and provided software export credit and credit guarantees. ReferencesBosch. 2019. “2019 Annual Report: Innovation for Times of Transition.” Bosch, Stuttgart, Germany. https://assets.bosch.com/media/global/bosch_group/our_figures/pdf/bosch-annual-report-2019.pdf. 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CrossrefGoogle Scholar Previous chapterNext chapter FiguresreferencesRecommendeddetails View Published: June 2021ISBN: 978-1-4648-1683-3e-ISBN: 978-1-4648-1684-0 Copyright & Permissions Related RegionsEast Asia & PacificRelated CountriesChinaIndiaJapanKorea, Republic ofUnited StatesRelated TopicsGovernanceInternational Economics & TradeMacroeconomics and Economic GrowthPrivate Sector Development KeywordsCASE STUDYDIGITAL ECONOMYRESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENTR&DFOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTFDIGLOBAL VALUE CHAINSGVCSMULTINATIONAL CORPORATIONSCOMMODITY TRADINGCONNECTIVITY AND ACCESS TO MARKETSREGIONAL COOPERATION AND TRADETRADABLE GOODS AND SERVICESPRIVATE SECTORPRODUCTIVITYBUSINESS ENVIRONMENT PDF DownloadLoading ..." @default.
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