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• W3194369905 abstract "(2825) Glyphospermum ornatum D. Don ex G. Don, Gen. Hist. 4: 195. 1837 [Angiosp.: Gentian.], nom. utique rej. prop. Typus: non designatus. When George Don published the generic name Glyphospermum (Gen. Hist. 4: 174, 195. 1837) he placed (Don, l.c.: 195) two species in the genus so named, Gl. violaceum D. Don ex G. Don, which was designated the type of the generic name by Pfeiffer (Nomencl. Bot. 1: 1468. 1874), and Gl. ornatum D. Don ex G. Don. Later authors, including Fabris (in Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 7: 89. 1958), Zarucchi (in Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 45: 1255–1256. 1993), and Pringle (in Harling & al., Fl. Ecuador 53: 12. 1995), have listed Glyphospermum in the synonymy of Gentianella Moench or included its type in Gentianella. The name Glyphospermum violaceum presents no nomenclatural problems. The type collection (Pavón s.n. in 1827, original type K barcode K000438994) clearly represents the species to which the name Gentianella violacea (D. Don ex G. Don) Fabris is now applied. No specimen by which the name Glyphospermum ornatum could appropriately be typified is known to exist. Neither Gilg (in Beibl. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 118: 4–89. 1916) nor Macbride (in Publ. Field Mus. Nat. Hist., Bot. Ser. 13(5): 270–363. 1959) was aware of any such specimen, nor is one listed among the type specimens at BM (BM web site, accessed 1 May 2021), where the type of a name published by Don might be expected. Although Don described Glyphospermum ornatum as differing from Gl. violaceum in having larger flowers and glabrous rather than papillose-scabridulous stems, Gilg (l.c.: 59) placed the name Gl. ornatum in synonymy under Gentiana violacea (D. Don ex G. Don) Ruiz & Pav. ex Gilg, along with Gentiana ericoides Griseb. (Gen. Sp. Gent.: 231. 1838). Macbride (l.c.: 351), who treated Gentiana ericoides as a species distinct from Gen. violacea, placed Gl. ornatum in the synonymy of Gen. violacea, with a question mark. Neither Fabris nor Zarucchi mentioned the name Glyphospermum ornatum. Subsequent authors have followed Fabris and Macbride in accepting Gentianella ericoides (Griseb.) Fabris, as it is now known, as a species distinct from Gen. violacea. In contrast to Macbride, however, Plants of the World Online (powo.science.kew.org/taxon/369420-1, accessed 3 Jun 2021) has placed the name Glyphospermum ornatum in synonymy under Gentianella ericoides, although the epithet ornatum has approximately a year's priority over ericoides. Glyphospermum ornatum was described in the first half of vol. 4 of Don's General history, presumably in 1837, and the entire volume had been published by April 1838, whereas Grisebach's Genera et species gentianearum was published in October 1838 (Stafleu & Cowan in Regnum Veg. 94: 669–670, 1008. 1976). Don's descriptions of Glyphospermum ornatum and Gl. violaceum suffice to place them in the group of Peruvian species of Gentianella termed “ericoid” by Pfanzelt & al. (in Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 16: 31–46. 2021). There is obvious confusion in Don's statement of the provenance of Gl. ornatum, as no Ecuadorean species of Gentianella corresponds to Don's description of Gl. ornatum (cf. descriptions of Ecuadorean species in Pringle, l.c. 1995). This “ericoid” group is characterized by a combination of proximally ± woody stems; linear to narrowly oblong or narrowly elliptic-oblong leaves generally less than 2 cm long and less than 3 mm wide, similar in size and shape and closely spaced the full length of the stems; and several to many flowers per inflorescence, with corollas 5–18 mm long (measured closed). In addition to Gentianella ericoides (including Gentiana lavradioides Gilg and Gentiana reflexifolia Killip & Vargas, following Fabris and Zarucchi) and Gentianella violacea (including Gentiana hebenstreidtioides Gilg, following Fabris and Zarucchi), this group comprises G. chlorantha J.S. Pringle, G. coccinea (D. Don ex G. Don) Zarucchi, G. empetroides J.S. Pringle, G. ericothamna (Gilg) Zarucchi, G. fruticulosa (Dombey ex Wedd.) Fabris ex J.S. Pringle [including G. dombeyana (Wedd.) Zarucchi, following Castillo, thesis, Univ. Nac, Mayor San Marcos 2013], G. glenniae J.S. Pringle, G. quipuscoana J.S. Pringle, and G. radicata (Griseb.) J.S. Pringle. The specific epithets coccineum and violaceum were published simultaneously with ornatum, but ornatum would have priority over all of the other specific epithets listed above. The epithet ornatum could not legitimately have been transferred to Gentiana after October 1838, as the name Gentiana ornata Wall. ex Griseb, not based on Glyphospermum ornatum, was published at that time for an Asian species, but no such barrier would prevent the transfer of the epithet ornata to Gentianella. Of all the currently accepted species in the “ericoid” group, only Gentianella ericoides has the combination of glabrous stems, “racemosely paniculoid” inflorescences, and flowers larger than those of G. violacea (5–8 mm in G. violacea, 10–14 mm in G. ericoides), thus corresponding to Don's description of Glyphospermum ornatum. The now-prevalent equation of Glyphospermum ornatum with the species now known as Gentianella ericoides therefore seems very likely to be correct, but because of the limitations of Don's description of Glyphospermum ornatum and the absence of a type specimen, this cannot be established with certainty. The attractive species now called Gentianella ericoides has consistently been associated with the epithet ericoides since its distinctness from G. violacea was recognized by Fabris and Macbride. The name Gentianella ericoides is typified by a specimen (Mathews 1206, K barcode K000438828), clearly identified as the type by Grisebach. It is listed as an accepted name in the Catalogue of the Flowering Plants and Gymnosperms of Peru (Zarucchi, l.c.); Plants of the World Online (powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:108678-2, accessed 3 Jun 2021); An Integrated Assessment of Vascular Plant Species of the Americas (http://legacy.tropicos.org/Name/13801725?projectid=83, accessed 3 Jun 2021) and my publications (Pringle in Novon 24: 389–398. 2016, in Arnaldoa 24: 9–18. 2017). Neither the name Glyphospermum ornatum nor any combination with that name as its basionym has been treated as an accepted name in any print publication or online reference since its original use by Don. Designation of Glyphospermum ornatum D. Don ex G. Don as a nomen utique rejeciendum would eliminate a potential threat to the familiar name Gentianella ericoides for the species now known by that name. It would also dispel any lingering uncertainty as to whether the epithet ornata should replace any other specific epithet now generally accepted in Gentianella. JSP, https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9086-2645" @default.
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• W3194369905 title "(2825) Proposal to reject the name <i>Glyphospermum ornatum</i> (<i>Gentianaceae</i>: <i>Gentianeae</i>: <i>Swertiinae</i>)" @default.
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