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• W3194526457 abstract "Abstract Residual systemic inflammation and mucosal immune dysfunction persist in people living with HIV, despite treatment with combined anti-retroviral therapy, but the underlying immune mechanisms are poorly understood. Here we report that the altered immune landscape of the oral mucosa of HIV-positive patients on therapy involves increased TLR and inflammasome signaling, localized CD4 + T cell hyperactivation, and, counterintuitively, enrichment of FOXP3 + T cells. HIV infection of oral tonsil cultures in vitro causes an increase in FOXP3 + T cells expressing PD-1, IFN-γ, Amphiregulin and IL-10. These cells persist even in the presence of anti-retroviral drugs, and further expand when stimulated by TLR2 ligands and IL-1β. Mechanistically, IL-1β upregulates PD-1 expression via AKT signaling, and PD-1 stabilizes FOXP3 and Amphiregulin through a mechanism involving asparaginyl endopeptidase, resulting in FOXP3 + cells that are incapable of suppressing CD4 + T cells in vitro. The FOXP3 + T cells that are abundant in HIV-positive patients are phenotypically similar to the in vitro cultured, HIV-responsive FOXP3 + T cells, and their presence strongly correlates with CD4 + T cell hyper-activation. This suggests that FOXP3 + T cell dysregulation might play a role in the mucosal immune dysfunction of HIV patients on therapy." @default.
• W3194526457 created "2021-08-30" @default.
• W3194526457 creator A5000107954 @default.
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• W3194526457 creator A5072899489 @default.
• W3194526457 date "2021-08-26" @default.
• W3194526457 modified "2023-10-07" @default.
• W3194526457 title "Oral immune dysfunction is associated with the expansion of FOXP3+PD-1+Amphiregulin+ T cells during HIV infection" @default.
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