Matches in SemOpenAlex for { <https://semopenalex.org/work/W3196174526> ?p ?o ?g. }
- W3196174526 endingPage "e0256336" @default.
- W3196174526 startingPage "e0256336" @default.
- W3196174526 abstract "Chlorhexidine (CHX) was introduced for use as an antimicrobial more than 70 years ago. CHX has been and continues to be used broadly for disinfecting surfaces in medical and food service facilities as well as directly on skin of humans and animals. Considering its widespread use over many decades, questions of resistance to CHX have been raised. Additionally, questions of possible coincident resistance to the biocide and resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics have also been raised. A number of important questions remain, including is there consistent evidence of resistance, what is the degree of resistance, especially among clinically isolated microbial strains, and what is the degree of resistance compared to the typical concentrations of the biocide used? Data for microbial species isolated over the last 70+ years were compiled to construct as complete a picture as practical regarding possible resistance, especially among species in which resistance to commonly used antibiotics has been noted to be increasing. This is a compilation and analysis of individual MIC values for CHX reported in the literature, not a compilation of the conclusions individual authors reached. The data were analyzed using straight-forward and robust statistical procedures to detect changes in susceptibility to CHX over time, i.e. linear regression. Linear regression was supplemented with the use of nonlinear least squares regression analysis to detect the presence of population parameters associated with subpopulations of microbial strains which exhibit increased resistance to CHX. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Acinetobacter baumannii were all found to have an increased resistance to CHX over time with the most profound change detected in A. baumannii. Additionally, subpopulations with log-normal distributions were found consistent with the presence of a baseline subpopulation of susceptible strains and a subpopulation with increased resistance to CHX. However, the CHX-resistant subpopulations did not correlate exactly with antibiotic resistance, so details of the relationship remain to be addressed. Increased resistance over time was not detected for Escherichia coli, Enterobacter faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, or Candida albicans, although a subpopulation with greater than baseline resistance to CHX was detected among strains of E. faecalis and C. albicans. A difference in susceptibility to CHX was also detected between methicillin-resistant (MRSA) and methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) S. aureus strains. The levels of resistance to CHX detected were all markedly lower than concentrations routinely used in medical and food service applications. Reaching conclusions regarding the relationship between antibiotic and CHX resistance was complicated by the limited overlap between tests of CHX and antibiotic resistance for several species. The results compiled here may serve as a foundation for monitoring changes in resistance to CHX and possible relationships between the use of CHX and resistance to antibiotics commonly used in clinical medicine." @default.
- W3196174526 created "2021-08-30" @default.
- W3196174526 creator A5040819652 @default.
- W3196174526 date "2021-08-19" @default.
- W3196174526 modified "2023-10-14" @default.
- W3196174526 title "Has resistance to chlorhexidine increased among clinically-relevant bacteria? A systematic review of time course and subpopulation data" @default.
- W3196174526 cites W1481229591 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W1920534944 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W1952013368 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W1965174978 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W1995288235 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W1996352720 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2018420267 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2032739091 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2046077398 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2052130550 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2057549168 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2059003631 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2068731759 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2072494970 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2074145107 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2074184097 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2098078529 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2099289278 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2108600049 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2116671458 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2125122044 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2131348174 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2135707422 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2138487250 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2142244210 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2154755488 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2155413469 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2161697240 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2162401848 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2164654722 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2174481467 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2330753263 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2339436832 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2403422043 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2510048231 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2554586943 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2765807259 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2767643137 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2808236583 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2888090450 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2909251882 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2911507343 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2916372691 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W2917149033 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W3012329493 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W3043796940 @default.
- W3196174526 cites W3129242605 @default.
- W3196174526 doi "https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256336" @default.
- W3196174526 hasPubMedCentralId "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8376095" @default.
- W3196174526 hasPubMedId "https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34411140" @default.
- W3196174526 hasPublicationYear "2021" @default.
- W3196174526 type Work @default.
- W3196174526 sameAs 3196174526 @default.
- W3196174526 citedByCount "13" @default.
- W3196174526 countsByYear W31961745262022 @default.
- W3196174526 countsByYear W31961745262023 @default.
- W3196174526 crossrefType "journal-article" @default.
- W3196174526 hasAuthorship W3196174526A5040819652 @default.
- W3196174526 hasBestOaLocation W31961745261 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConcept C114851261 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConcept C142724271 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConcept C18903297 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConcept C197471484 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConcept C199343813 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConcept C2776315533 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConcept C2777084678 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConcept C2777637488 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConcept C2778523567 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConcept C2908647359 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConcept C4937899 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConcept C501593827 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConcept C523546767 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConcept C54355233 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConcept C57473165 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConcept C71924100 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConcept C86803240 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConcept C89423630 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConcept C94665300 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConcept C99454951 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConceptScore W3196174526C114851261 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConceptScore W3196174526C142724271 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConceptScore W3196174526C18903297 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConceptScore W3196174526C197471484 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConceptScore W3196174526C199343813 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConceptScore W3196174526C2776315533 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConceptScore W3196174526C2777084678 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConceptScore W3196174526C2777637488 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConceptScore W3196174526C2778523567 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConceptScore W3196174526C2908647359 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConceptScore W3196174526C4937899 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConceptScore W3196174526C501593827 @default.
- W3196174526 hasConceptScore W3196174526C523546767 @default.