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• W3197788197 abstract "Nowadays, the most frequently used and validated patient-reported outcome measurement for aesthetic facial procedures is the FACE-Q questionnaire.1–3 To date, no publications are available assessing the influence of age on satisfaction based on the FACE-Q questionnaire in a normative population. Therefore, this study assessed whether facial appearance measured by different modules of the FACE-Q questionnaire was age related in women who never received an aesthetic facial procedure. A prospective cross-sectional study was performed by the University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands (institutional review board protocol no. 201700392). Female volunteers aged 18 years or older, without a history of any facial surgical procedures (e.g., orthognathic surgery, oncologic surgery, face lift, lipofilling) or minimally invasive aesthetic procedures (e.g., injectables), were randomly asked to participate. An equal distribution in age was pursued, resulting in 180 participants. A selection of modules of the validated FACE-Q questionnaire1–3 was sent by e-mail. (See Table, Supplemental Digital Content 1, which shows the Rasch scores of all selected FACE-Q modules per age group, https://links.lww.com/PRS/E628.) The population was subdivided into five age categories: 18 to 29 years, 30 to 39 years, 40 to 49 years, 50 to 59 years, and 60 years or older. Association between overall satisfaction and age and associations between different FACE-Q modules were assessed by the Spearman rho test. Differences in FACE-Q scores between age groups were assessed by the Kruskal-Wallis test. A total of 155 of the 180 participants who signed the informed consent completed the FACE-Q questionnaires. The median score of overall satisfaction with facial appearance was 59 (interquartile range, 51 to 70) (Fig. 1) and was not significantly associated with age (p = 0.776) or with age group (p = 0.994) (see Table, Supplemental Digital Content 1, https://links.lww.com/PRS/E628).Fig. 1.: The median Rasch score for overall satisfaction with facial appearance is independent of age. y, years; open circles, outliers.The percentages of the FACE-Q scores for the different parts of the face (i.e., cheeks, lower face and jawline, eyes and skin) were not correlated with age (see Table, Supplemental Digital Content 1, https://links.lww.com/PRS/E628). All the age-related modules, except crow’s feet, were positively correlated with age, whereby older women reported that they were more bothered by their aging face. Significant correlations were found between psychological well-being and satisfaction with overall facial appearance (0.569; p < 0.000) and psychological well-being and social function (0.669; p < 0.001). This prospective cross-sectional study showed a strong positive correlation between the overall facial appearance and psychological well-being, a correlation that also has been reported for specific patient populations.4,5 The positive correlation indicates that psychological well-being is a valuable predictor for overall facial appearance. For this study, a general Dutch population (Northern Europe) was used to assess satisfaction with facial appearance in women. Variations regarding aesthetic ideals and aesthetic demands between cultures might exist. Therefore, there is a need for cross-cultural validation studies to assess the normal range of the FACE-Q questionnaire for different cultural groups. In conclusion, the overall average satisfaction with facial appearance, as determined by the FACE-Q scores, is not influenced by age in women that never had any aesthetic facial procedure. However, elderly women reported significantly more complaints on specific modules referring to their aging face, such as wrinkles, upper eyelids, lips, and nasolabial folds. The obtained normative data set of the FACE-Q questionnaires in this study can be used as normative data to which results of preoperative and postoperative values of the FACE-Q after aesthetic facial procedures can be compared. DISCLOSURE The authors have no financial interest to declare in relation to the content of this article. No funding was received to assist in the creation of this article." @default.
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• W3197788197 date "2021-09-07" @default.
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• W3197788197 title "Effect of Age on Satisfaction with Facial Appearance in Women Based on the FACE-Q Questionnaire in a Dutch Normative Population" @default.
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• W3197788197 doi "https://doi.org/10.1097/prs.0000000000008359" @default.
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