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- W3199676382 abstract "For the same void ratio (e) and stress conditions, a systematic increase of non-plastic fines content (fc, particle size ≤ 0.075 mm) in clean sands, generally, follows an increase in contractive tendency in their stress–strain behaviors. While keeping the same e, fines act as a filler between sand particles, reducing its force resisting skeleton structure up to threshold fc (fthr). Thus, for sand with a range of fc, e loses its credibility as one of the state variables in the critical state soil mechanics (CSSM) framework. This can be avoided by −1) considering sand with each fc as a separate soil to establish its CSSM framework which is not practical due to laborious effort for predefining critical state lines (CSLs) for a range of fc, 2) correcting e to an equivalent granular void ratio (e*), considering relative interaction of fine particles in the matrix of sand particles. This state-of-art lecture presents the progressive development of the simplistic model for e* using experimental and discrete element method (DEM) data, which may coalesce CSLs for sand with a range of fc to a single equivalent granular critical state line (EG-CSL). The advantage of the EG-CSL is that only a CSL for clean sand or sand with an fc is required to define it, which applies to a range of fc as a single framework. The substitution of e* for e modifies the concept state parameter (ψ) to equivalent granular state parameter (ψ*). The e* and ψ* capture the effect of fine particles in the characteristic features of drained and undrained behavior, including static and cyclic liquefaction. Again, the substitution of e* and ψ* for e and ψ into state-dependent constitutive models (e.g., SANISAND family of models) works very well for the prediction of static and cyclic liquefaction. The theories of e*, EG-CSL, ψ* and relevant constitutive modelling are defined here as the equivalent state theory (EST). The limitation and potential application of the EST are discussed with relevant literature." @default.
- W3199676382 created "2021-09-27" @default.
- W3199676382 creator A5087730652 @default.
- W3199676382 date "2021-01-01" @default.
- W3199676382 modified "2023-10-16" @default.
- W3199676382 title "The State of Art on Equivalent State Theory for Silty Sands" @default.
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- W3199676382 doi "https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-1468-2_11" @default.
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