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• W3199731521 abstract "Reviewed by: Challenging the Black Atlantic: The New World Novels of Zapata Olivella and Gonçalves by John T. Maddox IV Debora Zamorano Maddox IV, John T. Challenging the Black Atlantic: The New World Novels of Zapata Olivella and Gonçalves. Bucknell UP, pp. 340. ISBN 9781684481903. Challenging the Black Atlantic is an innovative and ground-breaking attempt to examine the nuances of the Black Atlantic Theory via diaspora—the spread of Africans across the Atlantic to nations such as the United States, the United Kingdom, the Caribbean, and others. The elements incorporated from these cultures unite to create a distinct Black Atlantic culture that is the backbone of the Black Atlantic Theory. The study builds on the novels of Zapata Olivella and Gonçalves about the Luso-Hispanic communities. Zapata reevaluates the African descendants’ resistance in Colombia, Haiti, Mexico, Brazil, and the United States in his novel Changó el gran putas (1983). Gonçalves describes strategies that a mother of an abolitionist poet used to survive in Um defeito de cor (2006). Gonçalves shows the Black struggle through a feminine point of view. These novels and others cited in the book illustrate the vision of the Americas as seen through the lens of the Afro-descendants. The novels describe different perspectives shown through topics such as femininity, sexuality, captivity, slavery, and the struggles of the Black communities. In order to give the reader a more precise understanding of the author’s views, the first chapter explores the ways Zapata interprets myth, truth and history. The author provides a detailed description of how Zapata disagrees with historical beliefs about the African diaspora. Chapter 2 introduces Gonçalves’s novel that tells the story of an oppressed female. Women undoubtedly composed a large part of the enslaved people and their outlook on the situation should not be overlooked. One of the highlights of this chapter is to compare Zapata’s and Gonçalves’s literary works, in order to provide the reader with different approaches in which the history of escaped slave communities is told. While Zapata conveys the story from a more utopian point of view, Gonçalves employs a more down-to-earth narrative. Interestingly, the accounts intertwine and in a sense complete each other while simultaneously enriching the knowledge available in this field. In chapter 3 the author makes a meticulous comparison between Gilroy and Zapata. Gilroy also studied Black diaspora, but he completely neglected the influences that spread to Latin America. Nevertheless, his works contributed to opening the doors to Black globalism that included the Western world. The author provides multi-faceted criticisms against Gilroy and illustrates the differences between Gilroy’s essay and Zapata’s novel. Such a comprehensive explanation gives the readers an accurate understanding of their differences and similarities and of how Zapata opened doors for today’s studies in this area. At the end of the chapter, Maddox introduces the concept of Afrofuturism, a movement in literature, music, art, etc., featuring science fiction themes that incorporate elements of Black history and culture. Chapter 4 explores both gender and sexuality. The author first shows the struggles that an Afro-descendant woman goes through. The author compares Gonçalves’s and Gilroy’s understanding of nation and double consciousness. Maddox then examines Zapata’s and Gonçalve’s different depictions of rape, homosexuality, and feminism. While Gonçalves presents a more realistic and detailed portrait of the above topics, Zapata’s views are more fictionalized. These different narratives and analyses positively add to the Black Atlantic History, due to their inclusiveness. The conclusion brings us the Nuevo Muntu model of diaspora. Maddox successfully brings diaspora to present times. The novels Maddox chose are atemporal, which allowed him to bring [End Page 511] them to today’s world. The Nuevo Muntu model presents the Americas with an understanding of the slavery movement and all the downsides it brought to Afro-descendants. In addition, the chapter highlights Gonçalves’s writings in the present day and explains how the literary works discussed in the book can help shape the future of Afro studies. One of the book’s highlights is the description of Zapata’s and..." @default.
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• W3199731521 title "Challenging the Black Atlantic: The New World Novels of Zapata Olivella and Gonçalves by John T. Maddox IV" @default.
• W3199731521 doi "https://doi.org/10.1353/hpn.2021.0073" @default.
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