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• W3200256218 abstract "ABSTRAKRahmadhani, Evi. 2017. The Use of Top-down and Bottom-up Strategies to Enhance the Listening Comprehension of the Eighth Graders of SMP Negeri 4 Malang. Thesis. Department of English, Faculty of Letters, Universitas Negeri Malang. Advisors: (I) Francisca Maria Ivone, M.A., Ph.D (II) Nunung Suryati, M.Ed., Ph.DKey Words: top-down strategy, bottom-up strategy, listening comprehensionListening comprehension is perceived as a complex process of understanding the meaning of spoken texts. It is crucial for language learners to develop the listening skill. However, listening activity is rarely practiced in the formal learning contexts. Therefore, many students find comprehending listening texts difficult. The studentsOCO inability to comprehend listening texts was also observed in SMP Negeri 4 Malang. The students had difficulties in understanding unfamiliar words, sentence structures, and the speakerOCOs accent. In order to address these issues, the researcher designed learning activities by combining top-down and bottom-up listening strategies. In top-down strategy, the students use their background knowledge to predict the content of the listening texts, whereas, bottom-up strategy requires the students to use their linguistics knowledge to recognize words used in the listening texts. The research design of this study was collaborative action research covering four stages: planning, implementing, observing, and reflecting. This study used curriculum 2013. The subjects of this study were 27 students of class VIII I of SMP Negeri 4 Malang. The instruments used to collect the required data were questionnaires, interview guide, listening tests, observation sheets, and field notes. There were two kinds of data that the researcher collected: the studentsOCO listening performances and the studentsOCO response towards the implementation of the strategies. This study was considered successful because more than 85% of the students could gain 20 points improvement in the final test score and over 70% of the students showed their positive response towards the use of top-down and bottom-up strategies. The finding of this study revealed that 96% of the students could improve above 20 points in their final test score. This means that the first criterion of success had been achieved. However, 4% or only one student failed to improve his score up to 20 points in the final test. Actually, the test scores of this student (4%) increased 9 points from 59 in the first listening test to 68 in the final listening test. Besides, the listening tests score of the student improved from the first meeting to the fourth meeting. It proved that the studentOCOs listening skill also improved but he did not improve as fast as the other 96% students. Moreover, there was 85% students who showed positive responses towards the use of top-down and bottom-up strategies. This means that the second criterion of success had also been achieved.Based on the research findings, the researcher provides two suggestions to the English teacher and future researchers. The English teacher is suggested to implement the strategies using the procedure designed in this study. Furthermore, future researchers are suggested to combine the use of top-down and bottom-up strategies with some word games such as crossword, scrabble, and puzzle. ABSTRAKRahmadhani, Evi. 2017. Penggunaan Strategi Top-down dan Bottom-up untuk Meningkatkan Kemampuan Menyimak Siswa Kelas VIII I SMP Negeri 4 Malang. Skripsi, Jurusan Pendidikan Bahasa Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Negeri Malang. Pembimbing: (I) Francisca Maria Ivone, M.A., Ph.D (II) Nunung Suryati, M.Ed., Ph.DKata kunci: strategi top-down, strategi bottom-up, kemampuan menyimakKemampuan menyimak merupakan proses memahami makna teks listening. Penting bagi siswa untuk meningkatkan kemampuan menyimak mereka. Namun, kegiatan menyimak jarang dilakukan dalam proses pembelajaran Bahasa Inggris. Oleh sebab itu, banyak siswa mengalami kesulitan dalam memahami teks listening. Kesulitan tersebut juga dialami oleh siswa SMP Negeri 4 Malang yakni dalam memahami kosakata sulit, struktur kalimat, dan aksen pembicara. Untuk mengatasi permalasahan tersebut, peneliti menggunakan kombinasi antara strategi top-down dan bottom-up. Dalam kegiatan strategi top-down, para siswa menggunakan pengetahuan sebelumnya untuk memprediksi informasi dalam teks listening. Sedangkan dalam kegiatan strategi bottom-up siswa menggunakan pengetahuan bahasa untuk mengenali kosakata yang digunakan dalam teks listening. Desain penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang berkolaborasi dengan guru bahasa Inggris dan meliputi empat tahapan, yaitu perencanaan, pelaksanaan, pengamatan, dan refleksi. Penelitian ini menggunakan kurikulum 2013. Subjek dalam penelitian ini adalah 27 siswa kelas VIII I SMP Negeri 4 Malang. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data adalah kuisioner, pedoman wawancara, tes listening, lembar observasi, dan catatan lapangan. Terdapat dua jenis data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian: kemampuan menyimak siswa dan respon siswa terhadap penggunaan strategi top-down dan bottom-up. Indikator keberhasilan penelitian adalah 85% siswa mampu meningkatkan 20 poin pada nilai tes listening akhir dan 70% siswa memberikan respon positif terhadap penggunaan strategi top-down dan bottom-up. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat 96% siswa mampu memperoleh 20 poin peningkatan pada nilai tes listening akhir, sehingga indikator keberhasilan yang pertama telah tercapai. Akan tetapi, 4% atau 1 siswa gagal meningkatkan 20 poin. Siswa tersebut hanya mampu meningkatkan 9 poin dari 59 pada nilai tes listening awal menjadi 68 pada nilai tes listening akhir. Namun, nilai listening tes pada setiap pertemuan yang diperoleh oleh siswa tersebut selalu meningkat. Hal itu menunjukkan bahwa kemampuan menyimak siswa tersebut juga mengalami peningkatan, akan tetapi peningkatannya tidak secepat 96% siswa lain. Terdapat 85% siswa memberikan respon positif terhadap penggunaan strategi top-down and bottom-up, sehingga indikator keberhasilan yang kedua telah tercapai. Berdasarkan hasil temuan, peneliti memberikan saran kepada guru bahasa Inggris untuk menerapkan strategi top-down dan bottom-up sesuai prosedur yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini. Peneliti juga menyarankan peneliti selanjutnya untuk mengkombinasikan penggunaan strategi top-down dan bottom-up dengan beberapa permainan kata seperti teka-teki silang, scrabble, dan puzzle." @default.
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• W3200256218 date "2017-07-06" @default.
• W3200256218 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W3200256218 title "The use of top-down and bottom-up strategies to enhance the listening comprehension of the eight graders of SMP Negeri 4 Malang / Evi Rahmadhani" @default.
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