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- W3201753485 abstract "Planck's law of thermal radiation depends only on the temperature T and emissivity $varepsilon$. It is one of the most fundamental discoveries about light-matter interaction that led to the development of quantum physics. Another basic property of a body is its ability to absorb incoming light, characterized by absorptivity $alpha$. Kirchhoff's law of thermal radiation equals these two properties at thermodynamic equilibrium, i.e., $varepsilon$=$alpha$. The generalized Planck's equation extends Kirchhof's law out of equilibrium by scaling the absorptivity with the pump-dependent chemical potential $mu$, obscuring emissivity as a material property. Quantum efficiency (QE) is a material property, defined out of equilibrium, describing the statistics of absorption followed by emission of a photon. Both emissivity and QE depend on the interplay between radiative and non-radiative rates. Here we theoretically and experimentally demonstrate a prime equation for emissivity as a material property in and out of equilibrium in the form of $varepsilon$=$alpha$(1-QE), which at equilibrium is reduced to Kirchhoff's law. Our work lays out the fundamental evolution of non-thermal emission with temperature, which is critical for the development of lighting and energy devices." @default.
- W3201753485 created "2021-10-11" @default.
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- W3201753485 date "2021-04-20" @default.
- W3201753485 modified "2023-09-27" @default.
- W3201753485 title "Generalization of Kirchhoff's Law: The inherent relations between quantum efficiency and emissivity." @default.
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