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• W320207813 abstract "Editors note: In August 2002 Morag Frager, the wife of the late pianist Malcolm Frager, wrote to inquire if we would be interested in publishing an article Malcolm had written for The Beethoven Journal'the same month as his passing in June 1991. After his death, his extensive library of music and research materials was given to the Eastman School of Music, and the article only recendy came to light. As Morag told us, there is no introduction or attempt to persuade. We are honored to be able to publish it in this issue. These are indeed thoughts by one of the finest pianists of the twentieth century on the problematic question of the tempos of the concertos. Concerto no. 1, C Major, Opus 15 In 1842 Carl Czerny published his treatise Uber den richtigen Vortrag der samtlichen Beethovenschen Klavierwerke (Concerning the Correct Interpretation of All Beethovens Pianoforte Works), supplying comments for each movement as well as metronomic indications according to his recollection and experience. Every pianist and conductor should be intimately familiar with this very valuable work, general, Czerny s comments and metronomic indications are succinct and reliable guides to the spirit of the music. However, no one is infallible, and this is nowhere more apparent than in the metronome marking that he gave for the first movement of the First Pianoforte Concerto, Opus 15, Allegro con brio: 88 to the half note. Already in 1881 Franz Kullak, in his superlative edition of the Beethoven pianoforte concertos published by Steingraber and available to us today from G. Schirmer, spoke up against this tempo, showing that it does not correspond to the 4/4 time signature nor the festive character of the opening. He suggested a tempo of 144 to the quarter note, which I think is appropriate for an con brio and which, perhaps, with slight modification, would apply equally well to the opening con brio movements of some of the Beethoven pianoforte sonatas, e.g. the Sonata in C Major, Opus 2, no. 3; the Sonata in B-flat Major, Opus 22; and the Waldstein Sonata in C Major, Opus 53. For the second movement, Largo, Czerny pointed out quite correctly that the meter is an alla breve and offered a tempo of 58 to the quarter note. Kullak added that it could be played even a shade more flowingly. To achieve a feeling of calm without hurry, I suggest imagining the opening theme accompanied by the triplets that come later on in m. 67. In his new edition of the Beethoven concertos published by Henle, Hans-Werner Kuthen lists as the tempo for the finale allegro, following the autograph, but the first edition published by Mollo in 1804 and all subsequent editions give allegro scherzando, and I feel certain that this indication stems from Beethoven. For many years I have pondered this marking, wondering why I have never felt like laughing when listening to the finale of the First Concerto. Most performances are fast and furious, almost hectic. Czerny gave as a recommended tempo 72 to the half note, Kullak 132-138 to the quarter note. I have now come to believe that the humor of the movement does not come across at such a fast tempo, which is more a presto than an allegro. I would suggest a maximum tempo of 120 to the quarter note. One of the humorous elements of the opening statement is the juxtaposition of three and four measure phrases. The opening statement is twenty measures in length and, I think, consists of two three-measure phrases, one four-measure phrase, two three-measure phrases, and one four-measure phrase. This means that the third and sixth measures must not receive an accent, nor mm. 13 and 16.1 think one cannot help having a twinkle in one's eye when one diinks of these unexpected three-measure phrases, which appear again in mm. 41 and 139. At this slightly more relaxed tempo the hiccoughs beginning at m. 142 come across with greater pungency! It also enhances the alternation of non-legato and legato beginning at m. …" @default.
• W320207813 created "2016-06-24" @default.
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• W320207813 date "2002-12-01" @default.
• W320207813 modified "2023-09-23" @default.
• W320207813 title "Some Thoughts on the Tempos of the Beethoven Pianoforte Concertos" @default.
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