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• W320209848 abstract "The Syllable as Contour Tone Host ∗ Aaron F. Kaplan 1 Introduction It has long been recognized that contour tones tend to gravitate toward longer sonorous intervals, presumably because the complex pitch excursions associated with a contour tone require more time (in comparison with level tones) to be fully articulated than their level-tone counterparts (Sundberg 1973, 1979). Often this means that tones are permitted only on heavy syllables (and sometimes just heavy syllables with long vowels or sonorant codas) or the final syllable of a word or utterance. Neither restriction is surprising: Heavy syllables, by definition, have more material (more segments or longer nucleus duration) than light syllables (e.g., Klatt 1973) and therefore provide more time during which a contour tone can be expressed. Likewise, word- and utterance-final syllables are longer than comparable medial syllables (see Lunden 2006a,b, Zhang 2000 and references therein), again providing more time for the articulation of a contour tone. Early work on autosegmental theory (Goldsmith 1976) accounted for the attraction of contour tones to final syllables by requiring left-to-right association (linking) of tones to tone-bearing units (TBUs) in a one-to-one fashion as part of tonal Well-Formedness Conditions (Goldsmith 1976, Leben 1973, 1978, Pulleyblank 1986). When there are more tones than TBUs, left-to-right asso- ciation ensures that the surplus tones are tacked onto the rightmost TBU. This is illustrated in (1), where T represents a tone and τ represents a TBU. This system accounts for the fact that tones tend to associate preferentially with the leftmost available TBU but pile up at the right edge in cases like (1). I am indebted to the following people for their advice and comments throughout the development of this paper: Carlos Gussenhoven, Larry Hyman, Junko Ito, Abby Kaplan, Anya Lunden, Armin Mester, Jaye Padgett, and David Teeple. Special thanks are due to Carlos Gussenhoven and Larry Hyman for their immensely helpful discussions of the Adhola data. It was in a class taught by the latter where these data were collected." @default.
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• W320209848 title "The Syllable as Contour Tone Host" @default.
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