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• W3202656837 abstract "Hukum internasional mengakui hak negarauntuk mengambilalih atau melakukan privatisasi terhadap aset milih asing.Untuk mencegah penyalahgunaan kekuasaan, perjanjian investasi bilateral memperbolehkan negara untuk mengambilalih aset milik asing dengan kondisi sebagai berikut: pengambilalihan tidak diskriminatif, pemgambilalihan untuk tujuan umum, dan kompensasi untuk investor asing. Secara universal, tidak ada persyaratan formal dari hukum internasional terkait perbedaan antara pengambilalihan dan regulasi biasa.Oleh karena itu, penulis melakukan riset terhadap perjanjian-perjanjian internasional dan kasus-kasus sengketa investasi asing yang dibawa ke forum arbitrase internasional. Riset penulis fokus pada praktik arbitrase internasional oleh ICSID. Tribunal menggunakan variasi pendekatan berbeda-beda pada kasus pengambilalihan tidak langsung, dapat disimpulkan ada tiga pendekatan yang digunakan, yaitu doktrin sole effect, substantial deprivation, dan pendekatan appropriasi. Pendekatan substantial deprivation yang paling ideal untuk diaplikasikan, karena pendekatan ini mempertimbangan proportionalitas dari Negara maupun Investor. Tribunal menganalisis seberapa jauh efek pengambilalihan terhadap aset Investor sehinggadapat disimpulkan bahwa terjadi pengambilalihan yang perlu dikompensasi. Tujuan regulasi yang dibuat oleh negara juga dianalisis, apakah memiliki tujuan yang bona fide, dan apakah ada alternatif regulasi atau tindakan lain yang tidak melukai investor. Dengan demikian, kompensasi yang diberikan kepada investor bergantung pada analisis proportionalitas antara tujuan umum regulasi International law recognizes the right to expropriate as an attribute of a State's sovereignty. To avoid the abuse of this right, investment treaties allow expropriation with conditions, as long as it is non-discriminatory in nature, taken for public interest, and the affected foreign investors are compensated. This legal research is focusing on the practice in ICSID cases. There are a variety of approaches established by arbitral tribunal to differentiate indirect expropriation and lawful State measure. Arbitral analysis utilizes three approaches to differentiate an indirect expropriation and non-compensable measure. The first one is the sole effect doctrine approach, the substantial deprivation approach, and the appropriation approach. The substantial deprivation approach is the most appropriate because it balances the interest of the State and Investor. Tribunal takes into account the principle of proportionally whether a State's has acted beyond his power, and thus, the suffered investor must be compensated. Firstly, tribunal will observe the severity caused by State's action, whether it suffice to establish an expropriation. After that, the analysis moves on to the objective of the measure, whether it serves a bona fide public interest. Lastly, is whether the means taken were the least restrictive measure or whether there alternatives which is less detrimental. Therefore, the determination of duty to compensate relies on the proportionality of the measure, between the objective pursued and the weight imposed on foreign investors." @default.
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• W3202656837 date "2016-01-01" @default.
• W3202656837 modified "2023-09-26" @default.
• W3202656837 title "The International Centre for Settlement of Investment Dispute (ICSID) Analysis on Indirect Expropriation:The Balancing of a State's Sovereignty on The Right to Regulate and The Protection of Foreign Investor's Property Rights" @default.
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