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- W3203433659 endingPage "20" @default.
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- W3203433659 abstract "The unprecedented public health and economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been met with an equally unprecedented scientific response. Much of this response has focused, appropriately, on the mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells, and in particular the binding of the spike (S) protein to its receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and subsequent membrane fusion. This Review provides the structural and cellular foundations for understanding the multistep SARS-CoV-2 entry process, including S protein synthesis, S protein structure, conformational transitions necessary for association of the S protein with ACE2, engagement of the receptor-binding domain of the S protein with ACE2, proteolytic activation of the S protein, endocytosis and membrane fusion. We define the roles of furin-like proteases, transmembrane protease, serine 2 (TMPRSS2) and cathepsin L in these processes, and delineate the features of ACE2 orthologues in reservoir animal species and S protein adaptations that facilitate efficient human transmission. We also examine the utility of vaccines, antibodies and other potential therapeutics targeting SARS-CoV-2 entry mechanisms. Finally, we present key outstanding questions associated with this critical process." @default.
- W3203433659 created "2021-10-11" @default.
- W3203433659 creator A5041557949 @default.
- W3203433659 creator A5054720102 @default.
- W3203433659 creator A5077604881 @default.
- W3203433659 creator A5090719481 @default.
- W3203433659 date "2021-10-05" @default.
- W3203433659 modified "2023-10-18" @default.
- W3203433659 title "Mechanisms of SARS-CoV-2 entry into cells" @default.
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