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• W3203812711 abstract "Selama menjadi target sanksi ekonomi Barat, Zimbabwe dan Venezuela telah dan sedang melewati krisis ekonomi berkelanjutan, menghadapi tantangan-tantangan dari dunia internasional terhadap legitimasi rezim pemerintah mereka, sert situasi politik domestik yang penuh pergolakan. Tulisan ini menggali alasan mengapa Zimbabwe dan Venezuela tetap menanggapi sanksi ekonomi Barat dengan resistensi kendati kuatnya dampak dan tekanan yang ditimbulkan jika keduanya tidak patuh, serta adanya potensi peringanan dan pengangkatan sanksi. Yang dimaksud 'resistensi' dalam tulisan ini tidak hanya merujuk pada penolakan, tetapi juga ketiadaan perubahan sikap dan kebijakan pemerintahan sebagaimana yang diharapkan oleh penerap sanksi. Melalui perspektif konstruktivisme holistik, tulisan ini berargumen bahwa resistensi tersebut adalah hasil dari berbagai interaksi antara identitas korporat/personal (nilai-nilai sosialis; eg kolektivisme) dan identitas sosial (sebagai korban imperialisme dan bagian dari kekuatan baru). Menggunakan analisis diskursus dan metode komparatif, tulisan ini menemukan bahwa respon-respon kedua pemerintahan tersebut memang didasari dan didukung oleh kedua identitas tersebut. Respon-respon yang dimaksud adalah berlanjutnya pelanggaran hak asasi manusia - termasuk di antaranya adalah penolakan untuk mengembalikan hak kepemilikan properti dan penyensoran media; pencarian alternatif kerjasama kepada yang dikonstruksi sebagai 'rekan'; dan penguatan rezim dengan memposisikan diri sebagai korban. Zimbabwe and Venezuela are two countries under Western economic sanctions which economies were severely impacted by crisis, which governments had their legitimacy questioned internationally, and were in a domestic political upheaval. This undergraduate thesis studies why, despite the aforementioned pressures and the possibility that sanctions can be lifted, the governments of Zimbabwe and Venezuela still chose to resist Western economic sanctions. The term 'resistance' in this study would refer to both acts of rejection to international norms and the absence of meaningful change in behaviour. Through the perspective of holistic constructivism, this undergraduate thesis argued that resistance is a result of various interactions between their corporate identities (socialist values) and social identities (victim of imperialism and a part of the emerging powers). Using discourse analysis and comparative method, this study found that both governments' response to sanctions were based on and supported by those aforementioned identities. These responses include human rights violations, which include the refusal to return titles to property and media censorship; seeking alternative to the constructed 'friends', to strengthening their regimes by winning the sympathy of the people and portraying themselves as victims." @default.
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• W3203812711 date "2020-01-01" @default.
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• W3203812711 title "Government Responses to Western Economic Sanctions in Zimbabwe and Venezuela through the Perspective of Constructivism" @default.
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